我国工业政策的演进历程、内在逻辑与当代启示

Evolution Course, Internal Logic and Contemporary Enlightenment of China’s Industrial Policy

工业化是现代经济发展的主旋律,是贫穷落后的农业国走向富裕发达的工业化强国的必由之路。工业政策制定和执行对工业化具有至关重要的意义。新中国成立以来,我国工业政策先后经历了以重工业化为主导构建全面工业经济体系、发挥比较优势调整优化工业结构、要素驱动工业高速度发展、技术与创新驱动工业高质量发展等阶段。工业政策演进的基本特征主要体现在对工业地位与作用的认识不断加深,不同时期工业发展重点与顺序始终清晰,工业空间布局与区域结构不断优化,工业政策弹性充分且调控能力日益增强。工业政策演进客观遵循由政府与市场双驱动的理论逻辑,以人民为中心的实践逻辑。工业政策演进中的经验和教训,是应对当前复杂内外部经济环境的宝贵财富。以创新和技术驱动工业高质量发展是应对当前所有挑战的关键,是在新一轮科技和产业革命中实现中华民族伟大复兴的不竭源泉。

Industrialization is the theme of modern economic development and the only way for less developed agricultural countries to become developed industrialized powers.Industrial policy formulation and implementation are of vital importance to industrialization.Since the founding of People’s Republic of China, the industrial policies of which have been through stages including constructing a comprehensive industrial economic system led by heavy industry, adjusting and optimizing the industrial structure by giving full play to comparative advantages, driving the rapid development of industry by factors, and driving the high-quality development of industry by technology and innovation. The basic characteristics of the evolution of industrial policy are mainly reflected in the deepened understanding of the status and role of industry, the clear focus and sequence of industrial development in different periods, the continuous optimization of industrial spatial layout and regional structure, and the full flexibility of industrial policy and the improvement of regulation ability. The evolution of industrial policy objectively follows the theoretical logic driven by government and market and the practical logic centered by people. The experience and lessons from the evolution of industrial policy are valuable wealth to deal with the current complex internal and external economic environment.Industrial development with high-quality driven by innovation and technology is the key to meeting all current challenges and the cornerstone of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in the new round of scientific and industrial revolution.