政策变迁视角下创新生态系统演化研究——以新能源汽车产业为例

Research on the Evolution of Innovation Ecosystem from the Perspective of Policy Change:Taking the New Energy Vehicle Industry as an Example

在政策变迁视角下构建新能源汽车创新生态系统的“结构-种群-环境”演化分析框架,将我国新能源汽车产业发展分为技术探索、示范推广、快速发展、质量发展四个阶段,基于1991—2021年中国新能源汽车产业的专利联合申请数据,构建产业技术创新专利合作网络。研究结果表明,我国新能源汽车产业政策变迁与创新生态系统演变是一个协同演化的过程,以国家电网为代表的电力公司逐渐成为网络中的核心节点,研究机构和高校成为次要核心节点;创新生态系统主体共生的广度提升而深度降低,中心性和生态位变动较小,在技术上的应变性一直较强。对此应当坚持市场主导和政府引导,遵循产业规律;鼓励核心技术攻关,构建多方深度参与的技术创新网络;促进市场竞争,推动兼并重组;布局自主知识产权体系,助力国际技术竞争。

From the perspective of policy changes, the evolution analysis framework of "structure – population-environment" of the new energy vehicle innovation ecosystem is constructed, and the development of China’s new energy vehicle industry is divided into four stages: technology exploration, demonstration and promotion, rapid development, and quality development. Based on the patent joint application data of China’s new energy vehicle industry from 1991 to 2021, an industrial technology innovation patent cooperation network is built. The research results show that the policy change of China’s new energy vehicle industry and the evolution of the innovation ecosystem are a process of co-evolution. Power companies represented by the State Grid have gradually become the core nodes in the network, and research institutions and universities have become secondary core nodes. The breadth of the symbiosis of the main body of the innovation ecosystem has increased while the depth has decreased, the centrality and niche changes are small, and the technical adaptability has always been strong. In this regard, market leadership and government guidance should be adhered to, and industrial laws should be followed;core technology research should be encouraged, and a technological innovation network with deep participation of multiple parties should be built;market competition, mergers and acquisitions should be promoted;and independent intellectual property system should be deployed to facilitate international technological competition.