热回收通风系统在冬季育雏舍中应用的研究

Application of heat recovery ventilation system in winter brooder houses

为了缓解冬季密闭舍内保温和通风的矛盾,试验对安装在育雏舍的热回收通风系统的通风效果及热回收性能进行了评价,试验组采用热回收通风系统,对照组采用负压通风系统。通过测定舍内不同位置、不同时刻的温度、湿度、有害气体NH_(3)和CO_(2)浓度、热回收系统性能,分析这两种通风模式下舍内环境状况,探究热回收通风系统的性能及冬季在育雏舍的应用效果。结果表明:试验组舍内日平均温度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),日平均湿度显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且对照组在短时间内温度和湿度均波动较大,不利于雏鸡生长。在鸡舍垂直方向上,两组均呈现上层温度显著高于下层、上层湿度显著低于下层的规律(P<0.05),但试验组上下层温度差和湿度差小于对照组。试验组在水平方向上的温度和湿度变化幅度较小,而对照组的变化幅度较大;两组温度西侧显著高于东侧(P<0.05),湿度西侧显著低于东侧(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,试验组平均NH_(3)浓度显著降低0.4 mg/m^(3)(P<0.05),平均CO_(2)浓度显著增高609 mg/m^(3)(P<0.05);两组NH_(3)浓度和CO_(2)浓度均呈现由西侧到东侧递增的趋势,但两者浓度均未超过鸡舍有害气体限量标准。热回收通风系统的实际风量为额定风量的45%~55%,热交换效率为70.03%~74.20%,最大回收热量可达到12260 J/s,能效比范围为6.3~14.6,具有节能作用。说明热回收通风系统在通风同时可以回收旧风中的热量将新风预热,有效缓解了冬季保温与通风的矛盾。

In order to alleviate the contradiction between heat preservation and ventilation in the closed house in winter,in the experiment,the ventilation effect and heat recovery performance of heat recovery ventilation system installed in the brood house were evaluated.The environmental conditions in the house under these two ventilation modes were analyzed by measuring the temperature,humidity,concentration of harmful gas NH_(3) and CO_(2),and performance of heat recovery system in different locations and at different times in the house,and the performance of the heat recovery ventilation system and the effect of its application in the brooding house in winter were explored.The results showed that the average daily temperature in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05);the average daily humidity was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the temperature and humidity in the control group fluctuated greatly in a short period of time,which was not conducive to the growth of chicks.In the vertical direction of the chicken house,both groups showed a rule that the temperature of the upper layer was significantly higher than that of the lower layer,but the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the test group was smaller than that of the control group.The temperature and humidity changes in the horizontal direction in the experimental group were relatively small,while the changes in the control group were relatively large.In both groups,the temperature on the west side was significantly higher than that on the east side(P<0.05),and the humidity on the west side was significantly lower than that on the east side(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the average concentration of NH_(3) was significantly reduced by 0.4 mg/m^(3)(P<0.05),and the average concentration of CO_(2)was significantly increased by 609 mg/m^(3)(P<0.05).The NH_(3) and CO_(2)concentrations in the two groups showed an increasing trend from the west to the east,but both concentrations did not exceed the limits set by the environmental quality standards for brooder houses.The actual air volume of the heat exchanger was 45%to 55%of the rated air volume.The heat exchange efficiency was 70.03%-74.20%,the maximum heat recovery could reach 12260 J/s,and the COP range was 6.3-14.6,which had an energy-saving effect.The results indicated that the heat recovery ventilation system could recover the heat in the old wind and preheat the new wind,which effectively alleviate the contradiction between heat preservation and ventilation in winter.