自然放牧条件下西藏河谷型藏绵羊不同部位肉品质分析及评价

Analysis and evaluation of meat quality of different parts of the Tibetan valley-type sheep under natural grazing

为了研究河谷型藏绵羊不同部位肌肉的品质,试验随机选取放牧15个月的河谷型藏绵羊10只进行屠宰,测量背最长肌、臀中肌、臂三头肌的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、钙、铁、锌、硒、维生素A、维生素E、维生素B_(1)、维生素B_(2)、胆固醇、脂肪酸、氨基酸含量。结果表明:臀中肌、臂三头肌的水分含量显著高于背最长肌(P<0.05),背最长肌、臀中肌的粗脂肪含量显著高于臂三头肌(P<0.05);臂三头肌铁含量显著高于背最长肌(P<0.05),臂三头肌锌含量显著高于背最长肌、臀中肌(P<0.05);臂三头肌苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、络氨酸含量显著高于背最长肌、臀中肌(P<0.05),臂三头肌十三碳酸、十五碳酸、二十一碳酸、山嵛酸、二十三碳酸、木蜡酸、十四烯酰基肉碱、棕榈油酸、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、共轭亚油酸-c10c12、顺-11,14,17-二十碳三烯酸、花生四烯酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸含量显著高于背最长肌(P<0.05),背最长肌、臀中肌、臂三头肌的粗蛋白、灰分、钙、硒、胆固醇、维生素A、维生素E、维生素B_(1)、维生素B_(2)、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸、必需氨基酸/总氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、中链脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明臀中肌在口感与鲜嫩程度上比臂三头肌、背最长肌好,臂三头肌、臀中肌在风味物质、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成上相比于背最长肌更符合人体对营养的需求。

In order to study the muscle quality of the Tibetan valley-type sheep in different parts,1015-month-old valley-type Tibetan sheep were randomly selected and slaughtered.The contents of crude protein,crude fat,water,calcium,iron,zinc,selenium,fat-soluble vitamin,vitamin A,vitamin E,vitamin B_(1),vitamin B_(2),cholesterol,fatty acid and amino acid in longissimus dorsi muscle,gluteus medius muscle and triceps brachium muscle were measured.The results showed that the water content of gluteus medius and brachial triceps was significantly higher than that of longissimus dorsi(P<0.05);the intramuscular fat content of longissimus dorsi and gluteus medius was significantly higher than that of brachial triceps(P<0.05);and the iron content of brachial triceps was significantly higher than that of longissimus dorsi(P<0.05),and the zinc content of brachial triceps was significantly higher than that of longissimus dorsi and gluteus medius(P<0.05).The contents of threonine,isoleucine,lysine,serine,glutamate and tyrosine in brachial triceps were significantly higher than those in longissimus dorsi and gluteus medius(P<0.05),the contents of ficocerylic acid,pentadecanoic acid,heneicosanoic acid,behenic acid,tricosanoic acid,tetracosanoic acid,tetradecenoyl carnitine,palmitoleic acid,linoleic acid,α-linolenic acid,conjugated linoleic acid-C10C12,cis-11,14,17-eicosentrienoic acid,arachidonic acid,Dihomogamma-Linolenic acid,eicosentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in brachial triceps were significantly higher than those of longissimus dorsi muscle(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in crude protein,ash,calcium,selenium,cholesterol,vitamin A,vitamin E,vitamin B_(1),vitamin B_(2),essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids,essential amino acids/total amino acids,non-essential amino acids,medium-chain fatty acid,saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acids,and unsaturated fatty acid contents in longissimus dorsi,gluteus medius and brachial triceps(P>0.05).The results indicated that the gluteus medius muscle was better than brachial triceps and longissimus dorsi in taste and freshness,and the flavoring substance,amino acid and fatty acid composition of brachial triceps and gluteus medius were more in line with the nutritional value of human body than that of longissimus dorsi.