适于赤峰地区栽培的青贮玉米品种综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of silage corn varieties suitable for cultivation in Chifeng area

为了筛选出适宜赤峰市巴林右旗种植的全株青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)品种,试验选取了24个青贮玉米品种,均于2017年4月20日进行播种,采取随机区组设计,种植密度为4200株/666.67 m^(2),每个品种种植10行,种植面积为666.67 m^(2),设置3个重复,行距为0.5 m,株距为0.4 m。在供试品种进入乳熟期时,测定农艺性状和鲜草产量并调制青贮。采用聚乙烯小包装模拟青贮方法进行青贮饲料调制,每个品种5个重复。厌氧发酵60 d后,测定其营养成分和发酵品质。通过比较农艺性状、营养成分和发酵品质,运用方差分析、聚类分析和灰色关联度法对不同青贮玉米品种的品质进行综合评价并筛选出优良品种。结果表明:单株重、茎秆重、果穗重、叶片重与产量呈极显著相关关系(P<0.01),株高、果穗数、叶片数与产量均无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。聚类分析将供试品种分为4类:第1类为蒙农青饲1号、金岭青贮367及钧凯青贮909,它们的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量低且粗脂肪(EE)含量较高;第2类为吉农大青饲一号、文玉3号、金岭青贮357、英国红、金饲10号、宏博2160,它们的NDF较低且乳酸(LA)含量较高;第3类为金岭青贮377、金岭青贮10、金饲13号、金岭青贮37,它们不仅产量高,粗蛋白(CP)、LA含量也较高;第4类为佰青131、豫青贮23号、青贮808、金岭青贮17、金岭青贮67、西蒙919、大京九26号、金岭青贮410、京科青贮516、北农大青贮208、佰青161,它们的产量、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)和LA含量较高。利用灰色关联度法对24个全株玉米品种的产量和青贮品质进行了综合评价,等权关联度和加权关联度最高的品种均为西蒙919,综合品质最好,为最优品种,然后依次为金岭青贮377、金岭青贮17、佰青131和青贮808。说明在赤峰市巴林右旗种植西蒙919、金岭青贮377、金岭青贮17、佰青131、青贮808制作青贮饲料效果较好。

In order to select the whole maize(Zea mays L.)varieties suitable for planting in Bahrain Right Banner,Chifeng City,24 silage maize varieties were sown on April 20,2017.The random area design was adopted.The planting density was 4200 plants/666.67 m^(2),and each variety was planted in 10 rows with a planting area of 666.67 m^(2).Three replicates were set with row spacing of 0.5 m and plant spacing of 0.4 m.The agronomic traits and fresh grass yield were measured and silage was prepared when the tested varieties entered milk maturity.The silage modulation was performed using the polyethylene small packaging simulated silage method with five replicates per variety.After 60 d of anaerobic fermentation,its nutritional composition and fermentation quality were determined.By comparing agronomic traits,nutritional composition and fermentation quality,the quality of different silage maize varieties was comprehensively evaluated and excellent varieties were screened by analysis of variance,cluster analysis and gray correlation method.The results showed that a single plant weight,stalk weight,spike weight and leaf weight were significantly correlated with yield(P<0.01),but plant height,panicle number and leaf number were not significantly correlated with yield(P>0.05).The varieties were divided into four categories by cluster analysis.The category 1 was Mengnong silage No.1,Jinling silage 367 and Junkai silage 909,which had low content of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid washing fiber(ADF)and high content of crude fat(EE).The category 2 was Qingmei No.1,Wenyu No.3,Jinling silage 357,British Red,Gold feeding No.10,and Hongbo 2160,which had low NDF and high lactic acid(LA)content.The category 3 was Jinling silage 377,Jinling silage 10,Jinjin feeding No.13,and Jinling silage 37,which not only had high yield,but also had high crude protein(CP)and LA contents.The category 4 was Baiqing 131,Henan silage 23,silage 808,Jinling silage 17,Jinling silage 67,Simon 919,Dajingjiu 26,Jinling silage 410,Jingke silage 516,Benong silage 208 and Baiqing 161,which have high production,soluble carbohydrates(WSC)and LA content.The yield and silage quality of 24 whole maize varieties were comprehensively evaluated by gray correlation method.The variety with the highest equal weight correlation degree and weighted correlation degree was Simon 919,which had the best comprehensive quality and was the best material,followed by Jinling silage 377,Jinling silage 17,Baiqing 131 and silage 808.The results indicated that Simon 919,Jinling silage 377,Jinling silage 17,Baiqing 131 and silage 808 had better silage effect in Bahrain Right Banner,Chifeng City.