国内主要石斛种类茎部有效成分石斛多糖的含量比较

Comparison of Dendrobium polysaccharide content in stem of main Dendrobium Sw.and Flickingeria comata(Bl.)Hawkes in China

多糖含量是衡量石斛品质优良的指标之一。为比较不同种及产地石斛植物多糖的差异,筛选出具有潜在保健价值的石斛植物,对收集到的25种石斛属鲜石斛(含一品种)和1种金石斛属鲜石斛为原料,使用匀浆机粉碎,热水浸提,苯酚-硫酸法结合紫外-可见分光光度法测定多糖含量。结果表明:石斛多糖含量介于0.044%~30.086%之间(以鲜品记)。霍山米斛多糖含量最高,其次为铁皮石斛、报春石斛、密花石斛和矩唇石斛,反瓣石斛最低;直接使用鲜石斛提取多糖具有可行性;霍山米斛(30.086%)为高多糖优质石斛植物,与其余石斛植物有显著性差异;首次新增测定矩唇石斛(13.028%)、血喉石斛(10.976%)、晶帽石斛(4.993%)、龙石斛(3.106%)、红牙刷石斛(0.528%)和金石斛(0.531%)的多糖含量,其潜在保健药用价值有待进一步研究挖掘。

The polysaccharide content is part of the indicators of excellent quality of Dendrobium.In order to compare the polysaccharides of Dendrobium plants from different species and origins and to screen out Dendrobium plants with potential health care value,25 kinds of fresh Dendrobium Sw(contains a variety)and Flickingeria comata(Bl.)Hawkes were collected as raw materials,crushed using a homogenizer,extracted with hot water and determined by the phenol-sulphuric acid method combined with UV-Vis spectrophotometry for polysaccharide content.The results showed that the Dendrobium’s polysaccharide content ranged from 0.044%to 30.086%(in fresh products),with the highest polysaccharide content of Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng,followed by D.officinale Kimura et Migo,D.polyanthum Lindl,D.densiflorum Lindl and D.linawianum Rchb.f,with D.ellipsophyllum T.Tang et F.as the lowest.It was feasible to extract polysaccharides directly using fresh Dendrobium.The D.huoshanense Tang C Z et Cheng S J(30.086%)was a high-polysaccharide high-quality Dendrobium plant,which was significantly different from other Dendrobium plants;For the first time,the polysaccharide contents of D.linawianum Rchb.f.(13.028%),D.ochraceum De Wild.(10.976%),D.crystallinum Rchb.f.(4.993%),D.draconis Rchb.f.(3.106%),D.secundum(Blume)Lindl.(0.528%)and Flickingeria comata(Bl.)Hawkes(0.531%)were newly determined.Its potential health care and medicinal value should be further studied and explored.