金融科技对商业银行信贷风险的影响及其机制研究

Research on the Impact of Financial Technology on the Credit Risk of Commercial Banks and its Mechanism

近年来,金融与科技的深度结合对商业银行影响深远,而金融科技能否以及通过何种机制促进商业银行信贷风险管理仍是值得探究的问题。本文采用文本挖掘法构建金融科技指数衡量商业银行金融科技发展水平,基于2011—2019年我国40家商业银行的面板数据,考察金融科技对商业银行信贷风险的影响效应与作用机制。研究发现:金融科技指数与商业银行信贷风险呈显著负相关关系,商业银行运用金融科技可有效缓解信贷中的信息不对称,提高信贷质量,显著降低信贷风险;贷款集中度和贷款增长率具有部分中介作用,金融科技通过提高商业银行信息处理与客户管理效率,控制贷款集中度及贷款过快增长,从而分散和降低信贷风险;金融科技对商业银行信贷风险的影响存在异质性,金融科技对全国性商业银行信贷风险的缓解作用大于区域性商业银行。

In recent years,the in-depth integration of finance and technology has had a profound impact on commercial banks,and whether and through what mechanism can fintech promote bank credit risk management is still an issue worth exploring.This paper uses the text mining method to construct a financial technology index to measure the level of financial technology development of commercial banks.Based on the panel data of 40 commercial banks in China from 2011 to 2019,it examines the effect of fintech on commercial banks'credit risk and its mechanism of action.It is found that:there is a significant negative relationship between fintech index and bank credit risk;banks can effectively mitigate information asymmetry in credit,improve credit quality and significantly reduce credit risk by using fintech;loan concentration and loan growth rate have a partly intermediary role.Fintech can control loan concentration and excessive loan growth by improving the efficiency of commercial banks'information processing and customer management,thus diversifying and reducing credit risks.There is heterogeneity in the impact of fintech on bank credit risk,with fintech mitigating more credit risk for national banks than for regional banks.