2020—2021年北疆某规模化奶牛场犊牛腹泻发病情况分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Incidence of Calf Diarrhea in a Large-scale Dairy Farm in Northern Xinjiang from 2020 to 2021

[目的]为了解北疆某规模化奶牛场近2年的犊牛腹泻发病情况及可能诱发犊牛腹泻的主要风险因素。[方法]通过整理该牛场2020—2021年犊牛腹泻临床病例记录及其背景调查,同时采用细菌培养鉴定法对该牛场犊牛腹泻发病情况及主要风险因素进行初步统计分析。[结果]该奶牛场近2年的犊牛腹泻发病率分别为19.80%(80/404)和10.74%(48/447)。对该牛场处于不同饲养阶段的犊牛的腹泻发病情况进行χ^(2)检验,发现该牛场2年的处于不同饲养阶段的犊牛腹泻发病情况差异性显著(P<0.05),其中处于常乳哺乳期的犊牛和处于“常乳+开口料”的犊牛的腹泻发病情况均明显高于初乳哺乳期、“常乳+犊牛料”和断奶期的犊牛。从部分犊牛水样粪便样本中初步分离鉴定出大肠杆菌。[结论]该奶牛场近2年的犊牛腹泻发病情况有所好转,结合其饲养背景及细菌培养鉴定,初步分析认为犊牛母源抗体下降、常乳饲喂模式不精细、感染环境致病菌等情况可能是诱发该牛场犊牛腹泻的主要风险因素。

[Objective]In order to understand the incidence of calf diarrhea and the main risk factors that may induce calf diarrhea in a large-scale dairy farm in Northern Xinjiang in recent two years.[Methods]Through sorting out the clinical case records and background investigation of calf diarrhea in the farm from 2020 to 2021,the incidence and main risk factors of calf diarrhea in the farm were preliminarily statistically analyzed by bacterial culture identification method.[Results]The results showed that the incidence rate of calf diarrhea in the dairy farms was 19.80%(80/404)and 10.74%(48/447)respectively in the recent two years.The diarrhea incidence of calves at different feeding stages in the farm was analyzed byχ^(2) test.It was found that there was significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea among calves in different feeding stages in the two years(P<0.05),the diarrhea incidence of calves in constant milk lactation period and"constant milk+open feed"was significantly higher than that of calves in colostrum lactation period,"constant milk+calf feed"and weaning period.Escherichia coli was preliminarily isolated and identified from some calf watery feces samples.[Conclusion]The results showed that the incidence of calf diarrhea in the farm had been improved in the recent two years.Combined with its feeding background and bacterial culture identification,the preliminary analysis showed that the decline of calf maternal antibody,the inexact feeding mode of regular milk and the infection of environmental pathogenic bacteria may be the main risk factors of calf diarrhea in the farm.