虫类中药在肿瘤治疗中的机制研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of insect Chinese medicine in cancer treatment

虫类药具有祛毒邪、破瘀血、消徵积等特性。近年来,虫类药治疗恶性肿瘤的作用机制研究不断有新的进展。虫类药可以通过抗β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)激活,诱导促凋亡蛋白增加表达量,降低抗凋亡蛋白表达量,影响肿瘤细胞信号传导,阻滞细胞周期,阻断细胞侵袭,调节相关细胞因子表达水平等途径抑制肿瘤细胞增殖;通过调节细胞凋亡因子,与肿瘤细胞代谢相关信号蛋白和基因等过程介导肿瘤细胞内在凋亡途径,进而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡;通过调节脂质、蛋白质和核酸的生化水平,降低白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)等肿瘤促炎细胞因子的表达;通过调节相关信号通路、增强肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体的作用、调控氧化应激过程等途径增加放化疗的敏感性;通过抗肿瘤细胞粘附、迁移、侵袭以及提高基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂水平等途径抗肿瘤转移;通过增加荷瘤动物脾脏指数和白细胞、淋巴细胞数量以及抑制局部肿瘤微血管形成等途径增强免疫系统功能而发挥抗肿瘤活性。

Insect drugs have the characteristics of removing toxic pathogens,removing blood stasis,and dissipating mass and accumulation.In recent years,there have been new advances in the research on the mechanism of insect drugs in the treatment of malignant tumors.When exerting the anti-tumor activity,the insect drugs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by resisting the activation ofβ-catenin,inducing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein,reducing the level of anti-apoptotic protein,affecting the signal transduction of tumor cells,blocking the cell cycle and invasion,regulating the expression level of related cytokines,etc;the intrinsic apoptosis pathway of tumor cells is mediated by regulating apoptosis factors,signal proteins and genes related tumor cell metabolism,and other processes,thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis;reducing the expression of tumor proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-αby regulating the biochemical levels of lipids,protein and nucleic acids;the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy is increased by regulating related signaling pathways,enhancing the effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligands,and regulating the oxidative stress process;anti-tumor metastasis through anti-tumor cell adhesion,migration,invasion and improve the level of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors;the immune system function is enhanced by increasing the spleen index and the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes in tumor-bearing animals,and inhibiting the formation of local tumor microvessels.