中国苹果贸易竞争力评价与分析

Evaluation and Analysis of Apple Trade Competitiveness in China

2001年中国加入世贸组织,苹果产品贸易规模逐渐扩大,2020年苹果出口额再创新高,稳居全球第一位。但中国苹果在竞争日益激烈的国际贸易市场中不具有绝对优势。为应对国际农产品市场之大变局,研究具有相对竞争优势的苹果产品对提高中国农产品综合国际竞争力具有重要的现实意义。基于联合国数据库2011~2020年HS数据,采用国际市场占有率指数(MS)、贸易竞争优势指数(TC)和显示性比较优势指数(RCA)评价中国苹果贸易竞争力,得到以下结论:中国苹果在国际生产中所占份额较大,贸易竞争能力处于中等水平,显示性竞争优势不足;尽管中国拥有极强的生产优势,但受产品品质及贸易壁垒等因素影响,其综合贸易竞争力仍有很大的提升空间。提出提升产品质量,提高生产效率;延长产业链,开拓新市场;政府大力支持,积极应对贸易壁垒的对策建议。

Since China joined the WTO in 2001,the trade scale of apple products has gradually expanded. In 2020,apple’s export volume in China reached a new high,ranking the first in the world. However,Chinese apples do not have an absolute advantage in the international trade market with increasingly fierce competition,it is of great practical significance to study apple products with relative competitive advantages to improve the comprehensive international competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products in order to cope with the great changes in the international agricultural products market. Based on the HS data of the United Nations database from 2011 to 2020,the international market share index(MS),trade competitive advantage index(TC) and revealed comparative advantage index(RCA) were used to evaluate the trade competitiveness of Chinese apples.The following conclusions were drawn:China’s apple accounted for a large share in international production,its trade competitiveness was at a medium level,and its revealed competitive advantage was insufficient. Although China had a strong advantage in apple production,its c omprehensive trade competitiveness still had a lot of room to improve due to factors such as product quality and trade barriers. The countermeasures and suggestions were proposed including improving product quality and production efficiency,extending the industrial chain, exploring new markets,and providing strong government support to actively deal with trade barriers.