聚谷氨酸增效肥料对贵州黄壤区露天茄子生物效应及肥料利用率的影响

Effect of Polyglutamic Acid-Enhanced Fertilizer on the Biological Effect and Fertilizer Utilization of Open-Air Eggplant in Yellow Soil Area of Guizhou

为给聚谷氨酸增效肥料(PAF)在茄子上的科学施用和推广应用提供理论依据,采用田间试验,设置不同处理[不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(FP)、聚谷氨酸增效肥料1875 kg/hm^(2)(PAF1)、聚谷氨酸增效肥料2250 kg/hm^(2)(PAF2)、聚谷氨酸增效肥料2625 kg/hm^(2)(PAF3)、聚谷氨酸增效肥料3000 kg/hm^(2)(PAF4)],研究不同PAF施用量对贵州露天茄子产量、品质、养分积累、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与FP处理相比,施用聚谷氨酸增效肥料可以使露天茄子产量显著提高3.65%~13.76%,以PAF2处理产量最高;施用聚谷氨酸增效肥料使茄子果实中的硝酸盐含量降低了12.37%~14.88%,维生素C和可溶性糖含量则分别显著提高了13.97%~22.52%和7.77%~13.57%;施用聚谷氨酸增效肥料能够显著提高养分积累量和肥料利用率,其中以PAF2处理的氮、磷、钾肥料表观利用率最高,分别为29.35%、19.00%、34.22%;施用聚谷氨酸增效肥料处理的茄子产值和纯收入分别提高了3.65%~13.76%和2.46%~12.09%,均以PAF2处理的效果最佳。综合来看,聚谷氨酸增效肥料能够实现茄子增产提质、肥料增效和效益增收,推荐2250 kg/hm^(2)作为贵州黄壤区露天茄子栽培种植的最适施用量。

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments[CK:No fertilizer;FP:Farmers practice;PAF1:Polyglutamic acid-enhanced fertilizer of 1875 kg/ha;PAF2:Polyglutamic acid-enhanced fertilizer of 2250 kg/ha;PAF3:Polyglutamic acid-enhanced fertilizer of 2625 kg/ha;PAF4:Polyglutamic acid-enhanced fertilizer of 3000 kg/ha]on the yield,quality,nutrient provide theoretical basis for the scientific application and popularization of polyglutamic acid-enhanced fertilizer in eggplant production.The results showed that the application of PAF significantly increased the yield of eggplant by 3.65%—13.76%compared to the FP treatment,with the highest yield in the PAF2 treatment.Application of PAF reduced nitrate content in eggplant fruit by 12.37%—14.88%,while vitamin C and soluble sugar content significantly increased by 13.97%—22.52%and 7.77%—13.57%,respectively.Compared with the FP treatment,the application of PAF could significantly improve the nutrient accumulation and fertilizer utilization rate,and the apparent utilization rates of N,P and K fertilizer in PAF2 treatment were 29.35%,19.00%and 34.22%,respectively,higher than other treatments.In addition,the output value and net income of eggplant increased by 3.65%—13.76%and 2.46%—12.09%,with the best results in PAF2 treatment.In summary,PAF can increase the yield,quality,fertilizer efficiency and benefit of open-air eggplant,2250 kg/ha is recommended as the optimum application rate for open-air eggplant cultivation in the yellow soil area of Guizhou.