摘要
乡村振兴是民族复兴的必由之路,农村经济是乡村振兴的重点难点,农村金融高质量发展则是农村经济发展与乡村振兴的良性动力。对农村金融高质量发展的内涵进行界定,作为“量的扩张”到一定阶段的产物,理应包括“量”与“质”的双重维度,彼此共生协调决定着系统功能的实现。以“量的扩张”和“质的提升”为框架,确定“覆盖广度”“覆盖深度”“机构可持续性”“发展可持续性”为分项指标,构建包含13个基础指标的评价指标体系。应用熵权法合成测度2009—2018年间“量的扩张”“质的提升”方面指数与“量质结合”总体指数,以此为基础解析农村金融高质量发展水平的时空分异特征。研究发现:在时间维度的分异表现中,我国农村金融高质量发展水平总体呈增长态势,其中西部地区总体水平的提升较为显著。同时,“量的扩张”“量质结合”指数在各观测值间差别逐步缩小,“质的提升”指数差异性则缓慢扩大。“量的扩张”与“质的提升”间的相互关系存在“负相关→正相关→低相关”的演化过程,尤其是近年来相互协同力逐步降低,表明“质的提升”不以“量的扩张”为主要约束;在空间维度的分异表现中,“量的扩张”与“量质结合”水平皆存在较强的空间差异性,整体分布特征与全国经济发展水平相吻合,形成了由西向东逐层递增且以胡焕庸线为主要分界的梯度化分异格局,这一分异格局还具备近邻扩散表现,呈“西进”态势。农村金融“质的提升”整体仍处于较低水平,在2015—2018年间“质的提升”水平开始显现极差化分异格局,相对更高等次的省域分布于不同经济区域,这一分异格局具备跳跃扩散表现,呈“北上”态势。整体来看,近邻扩散为表现的“量的扩张”“量质结合”空间分异过程中,也驱动了局部的空间集聚性联系。而跳跃扩散为表现的“质的提升”空间分异过程中,则驱动了局部的空间分散性联系。根据以上研究建议如下:以财政和税收政策保障农村金融市场完备发展,促使金融组织脱离“精英俘获”行径,以降低交易成本、扩展服务边界、提高金融机构技能和增加信息透明度等方式提升“三农”领域金融服务的可得性,以及加强农村金融机构业务可持续性与发展可持续性的能力建设。
Rural revitalisation is the sole path to national rejuvenation,and the rural economy is the key and complex factor of rural revitalisation.High-quality development of rural finance is the benign driver of rural economic development and revitalisation.This study defines the connotation of high-quality development of rural finance.As a product of“quantitative expansion”at a certain stage,rural finance should include the dual dimensions of“quantity”and“quality”,and their symbiosis and coordination determine the realisation of system functions.Considering“quantitative expansion”and“qualitative improvement”as the framework,the study determines“coverage breadth”,“coverage depth”,“institutional sustainability”and“developmental sustainability”as sub-indicators to build an evaluation index system including 13 basic indices.This study adopts the entropy weight method to synthesise and measure indices of“expansion of quantity”,“improvement of quality”and the overall index of“quantity-quality combination”from 2009 to 2018 to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of the level of high-quality development of rural finance.This study results reveal that in terms of spatial differentiation performance,the level of high-quality development of rural finance in China is generally increasing,and the improvement in the overall level in the Western region is more significant.Concurrently,there is a gradually decreasing difference between the observed values of“quantity expansion”and“quantity-quality combination”,whereas the difference in the“quality improvement”index is slowly expanding.There is an evolutionary process of“negative correlation→positive correlation→low correlation”in the relationship between“quantity expansion”and“quality improvement”,especially the gradually decreased synergy in recent years,indicating that“quality improvement”is not mainly constrained by“quantity expansion”.In terms of differentiation performance of spatial dimensions,robust spatial differences exist in the levels of“quantity expansion”and“quantity-quality combination”.The overall distribution characteristics are consistent with the national economic development level,forming a gradient differentiation pattern that increases layer-by-layer from west to east,with the Heihe-Tengchong Line as the main boundary.This differentiation pattern has neighbour diffusion,revealing a“westward”trend.The overall“quality improvement”in rural finance is still low.From 2015 to 2018,the level of“quality improvement”started showing a highly differential pattern.Provinces with higher levels of differentiation are distributed in different economic regions.This differentiation pattern has leap diffusion and shows a“northward”trend.Overall,“quantity expansion”and“quantity-quality combination”characterised by neighbour diffusion drive the local spatial agglomeration connection in spatial differentiation,whereas“qualitative improvement”characterised by leap diffusion in spatial differentiation promotes the local spatial dispersion connection.According to the study results,this study proposes the following findings:based on fiscal and tax policies,ensure the complete development of the rural financial market and promote financial organisations to disengage from the behaviour of“elite capture”;improve the availability of financial services in the field of“agriculture,rural areas and farmers”by reducing transaction costs,expanding service boundaries,improving the skills of financial institutions and increasing information transparency;and strengthen the capacity-building of businesses and development sustainability of rural financial institutions.
作者
李海央
朱明月
马娜
LI Haiyang;ZHU Mingyue;MA Na(School of Management and Economics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650504,P.R.China;Office of Social Science,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650500,P.R.China;School of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,P.R.China)
出处
《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期39-51,共13页
Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)
基金
云南省哲学社会科学规划项目“云南省消费信贷政策对经济高质量的传导效应测度研究”(YB2019008)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金教师类项目“西南区域金融发展对经济增长转型升级的传导效应”(2019J0053)
昆明理工大学人文社会科学研究基金资助项目“云南省经济增长质量测度及影响因素分析”(KKSY201808025)。
关键词
农村金融
量的扩张
质的提升
量质结合
时空分异
rural finance
quantity expansion
quality improvement
quantity-quality combination
spatiotemporal differentiation