大型铝合金框架类零件焊接变形防止办法及矫正方法工艺研究

Research on Welding Deformation Prevention and Correction Method of Large Aluminum Alloy Frame Parts

2A12铝合金是高强度铝铜合金,普遍用于飞机构架及框架类高强度零件制造,其抗拉强度485MPa,由于该铝合金强度高、热膨胀系数大,在焊接过程中极易产生热裂纹及挠曲变形、扭曲变形,增加了零件矫正难度及焊接难度。文章通过在实践中利用预设反变形余量+刚性固定法减小焊接变形,再利用焊缝模拟仿真电弧增材矫正法解决零件焊接变形,通过两种方法有机结合,有效解决了大型铝合金框架焊接变形难题。

2A12 aluminum alloy is a high-strength aluminum-copper alloy,which is widely used in the manufacturing of high-strength parts of aircraft and other frames.Its tensile strength is 485MPa.Due to its high strength and large coefficient of thermal expansion,it is easy to produce thermal cracks,flexural deformation and distortion in the welding process,which increases the difficulty of parts correction and welding.In this paper,the preset anti-deformation allowance+rigid fixation method is used to reduce welding deformation in practice,and then the welding seam simulation arc additive correction method is used to solve the welding deformation of parts.Through the organic combination of the two methods,the welding deformation problem of large aluminum alloy frame is effectively solved.