鱼类通道建设的国际经验及启示

International experience and enlightenment on fish passage construction

在城市化进程加快的背景下,水道生境安全受到了水利设施极大的冲击,鱼类通道成为缓解其影响的主要手段。文章结合国际上鱼类通道建设的丰富经验和多元实践,分析鱼类通道的发展历程并提取其特点和优势,总结提出在鱼道建设之前的法律规范和多方协作、因地制宜的标准化建设、生物多样性保护三种保障措施以及建设之后鱼道性能、鱼道对鱼类影响的两种评估手段,旨在探讨适宜性、可持续性强的鱼类通道建设方法和策略,为我国在生态安全背景下水域的健康发展提供借鉴和启示。

Due to accelerated urbanization,the safety of water course habitats has been greatly impacted by water facilities,and fish passages have become the main means to alleviating their impact.This paper analyzes the development process of fish passages and summarizes their characteristics and advantages based on experience and diversified practices of fish passage construction in other countries.Then it puts forward three safeguard measures to be adopted before fish passage construction:law-based management and multi-party collaboration,standardized construction according to local conditions,and biodiversity conservation.After construction,assessment on the performance of the fish passages and the impact of the fish passages on the fish species are also proposed.It aims to explore the methods and strategies for the construction of fish passages with suitability and sustainability,and to provide reference and enlightenment for the healthy development of waters in China for enhancing ecological security.