中国全要素水资源绿色生产率的地区差距及收敛检验

Regional Disparity and Convergence Test of Green Productivity of Total Factor Water Resources in China

在数据包络分析(DEA)框架下测算中国的全要素水资源绿色生产率,并利用标准差椭圆技术、Dagum基尼系数和多种收敛方法揭示中国全要素水资源绿色生产率的时空格局、地区差距及收敛性特征。结果表明:2011—2017年,中国的全要素水资源绿色生产率整体偏低,但呈持续增长态势,大部分省份实现了不同程度的增长,其中增长较快的省份主要来自东部地区,其次是东北地区,西部和中部地区的全要素水资源绿色生产率普遍偏低,分布重心存在由东北向西南转移的趋势,南北方向上分布更加集聚;中国全要素水资源绿色生产率的地区差距呈先上升后平稳波动的变化趋势,地区间差距是中国全要素水资源绿色生产率地区差距的主要来源;中国全要素水资源绿色生产率总体上存在σ收敛、β收敛,相对丰水地区、轻度缺水地区和中度缺水地区的全要素水资源绿色生产率均存在绝对俱乐部收敛和条件俱乐部收敛,重度缺水地区仅存在条件俱乐部收敛,极度缺水地区不存在俱乐部收敛。

Based on the data envelopment analysis(DEA)framework,this paper estimates the green productivity of total factor water resources in China,and uses the standard deviation ellipse technique,Dagum Gini coefficient and a variety of convergence methods to reveal spatial-temporal pattern,regional gap and convergence characteristics of green productivity of total factor water resources in China.The results show that,from 2011 to 2017,China’s total factor green productivity of water resources is low as a whole,but it is growing continuously.Most provinces have increased to varying degrees,among which provinces with faster growth mainly come from eastern region,followed by northeast region.The green productivity of total factor water resources in western and central regions is generally low,the distribution center of gravity tends to shift from northeast to southwest,and the distribution is more concentrated in the north-south direction.The regional gap of total factor water resources green productivity first rises and then fluctuates steadily.The regional gap is the main source of the regional gap of total factor water resources green productivity.China’s total factor green productivity of water resources generally existsσconvergence andβconvergence,absolute club convergence and conditional club convergence exist in relative water rich areas,mild water shortage areas and moderate water shortage areas,only conditional club convergence exists in severe water shortage areas,and no club convergence exists in extreme water shortage areas.