基于时空大数据的城市地震应急避难场所布局研究——以银川市西夏区为例

Study on the Layout of Urban Earthquake Emergency Shelters based on Spatiotemporal Big Data:A Case Study of Xixia District,Yinchuan City

以银川市西夏区为例,利用GIS对POI(兴趣点)数据和道路缓冲区进行空间关联,识别城市各功能区,借助手机信令数据对城市功能区和人口空间分布数据进行匹配,推算人口时空分布变化;在此基础上,根据容纳性、可达性和就近性原则对城市地震应急避难场所重新规划,解决应急避难场所目前存在的布局不合理问题。结合现有资源经定量分析,新增两处固定应急避难场所,可有效缓解破坏性地震发生时应急避难场所的超负荷和供需矛盾问题。此研究成果可为城市地震应急避难场所服务能力分析、科学布局规划提供新思路和新手段。

This paper takes Xixia District of Yinchuan city as an example,using GIS to make spatial correlation between POI(points of interest)and road buffer,to identify various urban functional areas.By using mobile phone signaling data,the urban functional areas are matched with spatial distribution data of population,and the spatio-temporal distribution changes of population are calculated.On this basis,according to the principles of tolerance,accessibility and proximity,we re-plan urban earthquake emergency shelters,to solve the current unreasonable layout of emergency shelters.Based on the quantitative analysis of existing resources,two fixed emergency shelters are added,which can effectively alleviate the overload of emergency shelters and the contradiction between supply and demand when destructive earthquakes occur.The research results of this paper can provide new ideas and means for the service capacity analysis and scientific layout planning of urban earthquake emergency shelters.