不同饲喂次数对荷斯坦泌乳牛日常行为的影响

Effects of Feeding Frequency on Daily Behaviors of Lactating Holstein Cows

[目的]研究不同饲喂次数对经产和初产荷斯坦泌乳牛日常行为的影响。[方法]随机选取28头泌乳天数在100 d左右的健康荷斯坦奶牛,包括14头经产牛和14头初产牛,分为日饲3次处理组和日饲2次处理组,每组包含经产牛和初产牛各7头。对泌乳牛的采食、卧床躺卧、运动场躺卧、卧床站立、运动场站立、过道站立、饮水、使用体刷、舔舐盐砖等行为进行连续5 d的观察,并对2个处理组上述行为的每日发生频率和花费时间进行比较。[结果]当日饲3次变为日饲2次时,经产牛和初产牛每日采食频率和时间显著(P<0.05)降低,每日总躺卧时间显著(P<0.05)增加。日饲3次和日饲2次条件下,经产牛每日卧床躺卧、卧床上躺卧和站立、舔舐盐砖时间均显著(P<0.05)大于初产牛,经产牛每日采食、总躺卧、总站立、饮水频率和时间与初产牛差异不显著(P>0.05)。[结论]当饲喂次数减少时,会对经产牛和初产牛的每日采食频率和时间以及每日总躺卧时间产生显著影响。

[Objective]To determine the effects of feeding frequency on daily behaviors of multiparous and primiparous lactating Holstein cows.[Method]A total of 28 healthy Holstein cows,14 multiparous and 14 primiparous,with approximately 100 days in milk(DIM)were randomly selected.They were assigned to 1 of 2 groups with 7 multiparous and 7 primiparous individuals for each group.The group 1 fed thrice a day and the group 2 fed twice a day.The daily behaviors such as feed intake,lying in bedding,lying in playfield,standing in bedding,standing in playfield,standing in passage,drinking at trough,using body brushing,and licking salt brick were observed for 5 consecutive days,and the daily occurring frequency and duration of the behaviors were recorded and statistically compared between the two groups.[Result]For both multiparous and primiparous lactating cows,when the feeding times changed from thrice a day to twice a day,the occurring frequency and duration of daily feed intake was significantly(P<0.05)reduced,while the duration of daily total lying(in bedding and playfield)was significantly(P<0.05)increased.With either feeding thrice a day or twice a day,the duration of daily lying in bedding,lying and standing in bedding and licking salt brick in multiparous lactating cows was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of the primiparous lactating cows,while no significant(P>0.05)differernces in occurring frequency and duration of daily feed intake,total lying(in bedding and playfield),total standing(in bedding and playfield)and drinking at trough were observed between multiparous and primiparous lactating cows.[Conclusion]The reduction of feeding times significantly affected the occurring frequency and duration of daily feed intake as well as duration of daily total lying of multiparous and primiparous lactating cows.