长期潜水活动对海军职业潜水员心理状态的影响

Influence of long-term diving on the psychological state of professional naval divers

目的对海军职业潜水员的心理状态进行调查与分析,探讨长期潜水活动对其心理状态的影响。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取170名海军职业潜水员(岸基潜水员80人,舰船潜水员90人)和155名相同生活环境中的非潜水员(岸基非潜水员75人,舰船非潜水员80人)。采用一般生活应激因素自我评估量表、军人职业倦怠量表、状态-特质焦虑量表、简易应对方式量表、心理弹性量表调查其心理状态,比较潜水员与非潜水员、舰船潜水员与岸基潜水员及每种环境中潜水员与非潜水员心理状态的差异。结果潜水员的一般生活应激因素自我评估得分低于非潜水员(P<0.01),状态焦虑得分高于非潜水员(P<0.05),心理弹性3个维度(坚韧、力量、乐观)得分均高于非潜水员(P均<0.001)。舰船潜水员的一般生活应激因素自我评估、军人职业倦怠、状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均高于岸基潜水员(P均<0.05)。在舰船环境中,潜水员的积极应对得分低于非潜水员(P<0.01),状态焦虑和特质焦虑得分均高于非潜水员(P均<0.001),心理弹性3个维度得分均高于非潜水员(P均<0.001);在岸基环境中,潜水员的一般生活应激因素自我评估、军人职业倦怠、特质焦虑得分均低于非潜水员(P均<0.05),心理弹性3个维度得分均高于非潜水员(P均<0.001)。结论海军职业潜水员的总体心理状态良好,但是舰船潜水员的心理状态差于舰船非潜水员和岸基潜水员。舰船环境和潜水活动双重应激因素长期作用可能会导致舰船潜水员的特质焦虑水平增高,值得关注。

Objective To investigate and analyze the psychological state of professional naval divers and to explore the influence of long-term diving on their psychological state.Methods A total of 170 professional naval divers(80 in shore-based environment and 90 in ship environment)and 155 non-divers in the same living environment(75 in shore-based environment and 80 in ship environment)were selected by cluster sampling.The general stress factor self-assessment(GSFS)scale,military job burnout scale,state-trait anxiety questionnaire,simple coping style questionnaire,and psychological resilience scale were used to investigate their psychological state.The psychological state was compared between divers and non-divers,between divers in ship environment and divers in shore-based environment,and between divers and non-divers in each environment.Results The GSFS score of divers was significantly lower than that of non-divers(P<0.01),the state anxiety score was significantly higher than that of nondivers(P<0.05),and the scores of 3 dimensions(hardiness,strength,and optimism)of psychological elasticity were significantly higher than those of non-divers(all P<0.001).The scores of GSFS,military job burnout,state anxiety,and trait anxiety of ship divers were significantly higher than those of shore-based divers(all P<0.05).In the ship environment,divers’positive coping score was significantly lower than that of non-divers(P<0.01),the scores of state anxiety and trait anxiety were significantly higher than those of non-divers(both P<0.001),and the scores of the 3 dimensions of psychological elasticity were significantly higher than those of non-divers(all P<0.001).In the shorebased environment,the scores of GSFS,military job burnout and trait anxiety of divers were significantly lower than those of non-divers(all P<0.05),and the scores of the 3 dimensions of psychological elasticity were significantly higher than those of non-divers(all P<0.001).Conclusion The overall psychological state of professional naval divers is sound,but the psychological state of ship divers is worse than those of ship non-divers and shore-based divers.The long-term effect of dual stress factors of ship environment and diving may lead to the increase of trait anxiety of ship divers,which is worthy of attention.