施氮量对红大烤烟干物质积累与养分吸收的影响

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake of Hongda flue-cured tobacco

为寻求红大烤烟生产合理施肥的理论依据,设置了不同氮素水平的田间小区试验,分析了烤烟各器官干物质积累和烟叶养分吸收的变化特征。结果表明,随着施氮水平的增加,烤烟不同器官干物质积累和营养元素积累呈增加趋势,施纯氮45 kg/hm^(2)处理最低,施纯氮75、90 kg/hm^(2)处理较优。不同氮肥水平下红大烟叶干重在团棵期至旺长期急剧增加,烟叶营养元素积累在团棵期至旺长期呈12~58倍增加,烟叶氮、磷、钾、锌和硼含量在旺长期达到吸收高峰,烟叶镁含量在团棵期为吸收高峰,并且烟叶磷和硼含量偏低。因此,推荐红大烤烟施纯氮量为75~90 kg/hm^(2),并增施磷肥和硼肥,建议氮、磷、钾肥等作为基肥和追肥在团棵期前施用,可促进烤烟旺长期干物质和营养积累,硼肥在旺长期叶面喷施提高烟叶品质。

In order to explore the theoretical basis of rational fertilization technology of Hongda flue-cured tobacco,the field experi⁃ment was carried out to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on dry matter accumulation in different organs and nutrient absorption of Hongda flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that the dry matter and nutrient accumulation increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Meanwhile,the treatment of pure nitrogen 45 kg/hm^(2) was the lowest and the treatments of pure nitrogen 75 kg/hm^(2)、90 kg/hm^(2) were better.The dry weight of Hongda flue-cured tobacco leaves increased sharply from tuanke-pe⁃riod to vigorous growing period under different nitrogen fertilizer levels,and the accumulation of nutrient elements in flue-cured tobac⁃co leaves increased 12~58 times from tuanke-period to vigorous growing period.The content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,zinc and boron in flue-cured tobacco leaves reached the absorption peak in vigorous growing period,the content of magnesium in fluecured tobacco leaves reached the absorption peak in tuanke-period,and the content of phosphorus and boron in flue-cured tobacco leaves was low.It is recommended to apply pure nitrogen 75~90 kg/hm^(2) and increase phosphate and boron fertilizer in Hongda fluecured tobacco.It is suggested that nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer and additional fertilizer before tuanke-period,which can promote dry matter and nutrient accumulation in vigorous growing period of flue-cured tobacco,and boron fertilizer should be sprayed on leaves in vigorous growing period to improve flue-cured tobacco quality.