恒温恒湿空调应对可燃制冷剂的低风险技术策略分析

Low-risk Technological Strategies for the Constant Temperature and Humidity Air Conditioners Using Flammable Refrigerants

当前广泛使用的环境不友好型制冷剂面临被淘汰,而具有发展潜力的新一代候选物普遍可燃。恒温恒湿空调中制冷剂充注量往往较大,且机组通常置于室内,可燃制冷剂的使用增加了用户的风险。基于燃烧反应原理,文章结合对制冷剂可燃特性的解析,从泄漏预防(用材、焊接、检漏、涂层、包装及装置设计)、浓度阻断(充注量、循环量、模块化、加注与回收、及监测与维护)、点火源杜绝(严控明火、高温表面,静电及电气火花)三个大方向,分析了恒温恒湿空调在生产、储运、安装、运行和维护等诸多环节的低风险技术策略,建议强化人员管理与实施技术措施并举。

The currently used environmentally unfriendly refrigerants are scheduled to be phased out. While, most of the potential candidates are flammable. The constant temperature and humidity air conditioners usually run with a large amount of cycling refringent. As a kind of indoor installations, the use of flammable refrigerants causes the extra risk for users. Based on the principle of combustion reaction and characteristic of refrigerants, this study analyzed the leakage preventions(material,soldering, detecting, coating, packaging and component design), concentration preventions(refrigerant charging, cycling,recycling, modularization, monitoring and maintaining), and ignition source preventions(no open flame, high temperature surface,static electricity and spark). The technical strategies of low-risk using flammable refrigerants cover the manufacture, storage,transportation, installation, operation and maintenance of an air conditioner. It is suggested to strengthen personnel management and implement technical measures simultaneously.