沟插垄播式杂交稻制种机开沟装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of a ditching device on the transplanting in ditch and seeding in ridge hybrid rice breeding machine

为实现杂交稻制种“沟底机插父本+垄台直播母本”种植模式下父本浅水、母本湿润的水分管理目标,根据2ZD-2.4型沟插垄播式杂交稻制种机设计了一种开沟装置。该装置由种沟开沟器、蓄水沟开沟器、插秧沟开沟器和浮板组成,由浮板带动开沟器同步开出所需沟型。采用三因素三水平正交试验分析开沟器起土角角度、元线角角度和挤压成型面长度对回土率和沟深稳定系数的影响,并进行多目标寻优,获取开沟器最佳参数组合。结果表明:当开沟器起土角为5°、开沟器元线角为65°、挤压成型面长度为140mm时,种沟开沟器的回土率和沟深稳定系数分别为10.99%和8.34%,可实现种沟、插秧沟和蓄水沟同步作业。田间试验结果表明,插秧开沟深度为50mm时,插秧深度为22.8mm,漏插率和漂秧率均低于2.0%,母本出苗率达87.67%,可满足杂交稻制种种植农艺要求。

In order to realize water management target of male parent in shallow water and female parent wetted under the planting mode of“mechanical transplanting of male parent at the bottom of ditch+direct-seeding of female parent on ridge platform”,a ditching device was designed for 2ZD-2.4 type transplanting in ditch and seeding in ridge hybrid rice breeding machine,which was composed of seed ditch opener,water storage ditch opener,rice transplanting ditch opener and floating plate.The floating plate drives the ditch opener to open the required groove synchronously.Through the mechanical analysis,the effects of the soil angle,element line angle of ditching device and length of extrusion molding surface on the ditching performance were investigated using three factors and three levels orthogonal test.The multi-objective optimization was conducted to obtain the optimal parameter combination of the ditch opener.The results indicated that when the soil angle of 5°,the element line angle of 65°,and the length of the extrusion molding surface of 140mm,the soil reflux rate of sowing ditch and the stability coefficient of ditching depth were 10.99%and 8.34%,respectively.The sowing ditch,water storage ditch and seedling transplanting ditch were accomplished simultaneously through ditching device.Field experiment results showed that both the leakage rate and dumping rate were lower than 2.0%and germination rate of female parent was 87.67%when the depth of transplanting ditch was 50 mm and the depth of transplanting was 22.8 mm,which can meet the agronomic requirements of hybrid rice seed production and planting.