回避型人格障碍的特征、成因、测量及治疗

Characteristics,Causes,Measurement and Treatment of Avoidant Personality

回避型人格障碍会造成个体包括心理健康、社会功能和躯体方面的日常功能损害。其不仅是功能受损最严重的人格障碍之一,也是最为流行的人格障碍之一。文章对回避型人格障碍的特征和症状表现、发展及形成的原因、测量工具及治疗方法的相关研究进行了梳理。从心理动力理论的视角阐述了回避型人格障碍与其他心理障碍的鉴别诊断。指出遗传和气质等生物因素、早期儿童经历、依恋类型和家庭环境等因素都是回避型人格障碍的可能成因。目前一些关于回避型人格障碍的测量工具和治疗方法已被开发出来,但仍存在局限,未来需要更多研究发展更特异性的针对回避型人格障碍的测量与治疗方法。

Avoidant personality disorder(AVPD)can result in impairment of the individuals'daily functions,including mental health,social and physical aspects.AVPD is not only one of the most serious personality disorders,but also one of the most popular personality disorders.This paper reviews the personality characteristics and symptoms,causes,measurement,and treatment of AVPD,further expounds the differential diagnosis of AVPD from other psychological disorders from the perspective of psychodynamic theory,and shows that biological factors such as heredity and temperament,early childhood experience,attachment style,and family environment are all possible causes of AVPD.Some measurement tools and treatment methods for AVPD have been developed,but there are still limitations.More research is needed to develop more measurement and treatment methods specifically for AVPD in the future.