《论语·子罕》“止吾止也”诸说平议

Notes on the Interpretation of“zhi wu zhi ye”in Lunyu Zihan

关于《论语·子罕》“止吾止也”“进吾往也”这两句的理解,历来有不同看法。本文在梳理历代训释谱系的基础上,主要从语法的角度对“建功宜笃”“为仁由己”“唯义与比”三说做了进一步的辨析。“建功宜笃”和“为仁由己”两说均难成立,“唯义与比”说是最能站得住的。本文提出的“吾”“我”之别的句法表现这一思路,还可以帮助我们准确理解其他经典例句,如《庄子·齐物论》“吾丧我”。文末提出,训诂学中加强语法尤其是句法的研究,是很有必要的。

The interpretation of“止吾止也zhi wu zhi ye”and“进吾往也jin wu wang ye”in《论语·子罕》Lunyu Zihan has long been controversial.Th is paper,based on the history of its interpretation,tends to analyze three relative viewpoints,including建功宜笃jian gong yi du,which means“be persistent to work”,为仁由己wei ren you ji,which means“it is the person herself/himself who can complete the work”,and唯义与比wei yi yu bi,which means“to do what(s)he should do”.The scrutiny of the three viewpoints is mainly from the perspective of syntax,i.e.,the distribution of the fi rst pronouns吾wu and我wo.It is safe to conclude that the fi rst two viewpoints are untenable,while the third one is reasonable and reliable.It is also argued that it is necessary to take the syntax into consideration when interpretating the classical texts.