自然保护区生态保护补偿机制及补偿金使用模式--以广东海丰鸟类省级自然保护区为例

Ecological Protection Compensation Mechanism and Compensation Usage Patterns in Nature Reserves:A Case Study of Guangdong Haifeng Avian Natural Reserve

开展自然保护区生态保护补偿的研究和实践是推动我国生态文明建设的重要举措。本文基于当前自然保护区生态保护补偿的研究和实践经验,结合国家对自然保护区生态保护补偿的要求,以广东海丰鸟类省级自然保护区为研究对象,分析了其近年来的生态保护补偿实践与不足,在此基础上构建了海丰保护区多元化生态保护补偿机制与补偿金使用模式框架,并指出了实施的技术要点。在生态保护补偿方面,形成了以纵向补偿、横向补偿和专项补偿为主的“输血”式补偿,以及以特许经营为主的“造血”式补偿,具有利用中央政府的财政转移支付的优势,融合了市场化、多维化工具,可以促进生态保护补偿从以纵向为主转变为纵向与横向、政府与市场相结合的多元化生态保护补偿模式;在生态保护补偿金使用方面,形成了以基础设施建设、生态保护与修复、科研监测和宣传教育等内容为主的使用模式,有利于海丰保护区主要保护对象的保护。这种多元化的生态保护机制及补偿金的使用模式,吸引越来越多的利益相关者参与生态保护补偿,这对我国践行自然保护区生态保护补偿具有一定的参考。

Research and practice of ecological protection compensation in nature reserves is an important measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China.This paper took Guangdong Haifeng Avian Natural Re-serve as an example to analyze the ecological protection compensation in recent years based on the current nature re-serve ecological compensation research and practice..The diversified ecological compensation mechanism and com-pensation usage pattern framework were constructed.In ecological protection compensation,the"transfusion"com-pensation mainly consisted of vertical compensation,horizontal compensation,and special compensation,and the"hematopoietic"compensation mainly consisted of franchise operation.With the advantage of financial transfer pay-ment from the central government,it integrated marketization and multi-dimensional tools.It can promote the diversi-fication of ecological protection compensation from vertical compensation to vertical and horizontal compensation and the combination of the government and the market.In terms of the use of ecological protection compensation,theusage pattern mainly included infrastructure construction,ecological protection and restoration,scientific research monitoring,publicity,and education,which could be beneficial to the protection of the main protected objects of Haifeng Nature Reserve.This diversified ecological protection mechanism and the compensation usage pattern will also attract more and more stakeholders to participate in ecological protection compensation,which had a certain refer-ence for the practice of ecological protection compensation in nature reserves in China.