“留”还是“流”:高校毕业生流动的空间布局与影响因素分析--以“双一流”建设高校博士毕业生为例

"Stay"or"Flow":An Analysis on the Spatial Layout and Influencing Factors of the Flow of College Graduates

知识经济时代,高校毕业生作为中国未来实现人才红利和创新发展的创造性群体,是人力资本的重要承载者。基于高校2019年官方发布的毕业生就业质量报告,聚焦“双一流”建设高校博士毕业生,通过毕业生流动性测度指标呈现博士毕业生流动的空间布局,结果表明:就学地留存率分化明显,东北地区为留存性低值区,西南部分地区和华东、华北部分地区留存性较高,中部地区留存性居中,其中,昆明市留存率最高,哈尔滨市留存率最低。就业地流入率空间聚集趋势凸显,“邻里效应”“虹吸效应”作用明显。就学地、就业地人才分布在“扩散效应”辐射下“马太效应”有所缓解。其中,以省会城市为主的新一线城市“留才”“引才”效果显著,发展空间较大。基于此,发现经济资本、政策资本、环境资本以及社会资本是博士毕业生流动的影响因素,继而提出完善“引、聚、育、用、留”博士人才流动的政策建议。

In the era of knowledge economy,college graduates,as a creative group to realize talent bonus and innovative development in China,are important carriers of human capital.Based on the graduate employment quality report officially released by the University in 2019,we focused on the"double first-class"construction of University doctoral graduates,and presented the spatial layout of doctoral graduates’mobility through the graduate mobility measurement indicators.The results show that:The retention rate of university places is obviously differentiated.The northeast is a low viscosity area,the southwest,East and North China have high viscosity,and the central region has medium viscosity.Among them,Kunming has the highest retention rate and Harbin has the lowest retention rate.The spatial aggregation trend of the inflow rate of employment places is prominent,and the"neighborhood effect"and"siphon effect"are obvious.Under the radiation of"diffusion effect",the"Matthew effect"has been alleviated.Among them,the new first tier cities,mainly provincial capital cities,have achieved remarkable results in retaining talent and bringing qualified people have a large space for development.Based on this,we find that economic capital,policy capital,environmental capital and social capital are the influencing factors of the flow of doctoral graduates,and then put forward policy suggestions to improve the flow of doctoral talents.