法律语词的意义寻绎--以《反不正当竞争法》为文本

Pursuing the Meaning of Legal Terms in Anti-unfair Competition Law

法律是借助语词来表达的观念系统,法律术语和法律概念的地位至为重要。《反不正当竞争法》术语意识淡漠是其先天不足,大量语词来自其他法律的术语延伸。术语突出存在一词多义现象,要准确理解术语背后的概念内涵,就必须深入不同的语境,在目光往返的比较中把握其意义。深入语境意味着高昂的学习成本,反不正当竞争法规范具有认知难度大的特点,作为降低成本的认知策略,反不正当竞争法常被知识产权法和传统民法架空。这导致了大量超离反不正当竞争法语境的话语实践,法律概念无法在自身脉络中归认其意义。反不正当竞争法的完善有赖于改善法律的语词系统及其言说中的话语实践。

Law is a conceptual system expressed through words,which underlines the importance of legal terms and legal concepts.The Chinese Anti-Unfair Competition Law(ACL)was born with deficiency of inaccurate terminology,and borrowed a large number of terms from other laws,which jointly leads to the distinctive phenomenon of polysemy in the ACL.To accurately clarify the concept of a legal term,one must go deep into various contexts of the term,and grasp its meanings by comparison of these contexts.A deep survey into the context entails high cognitive costs,which explains the difficulty of the ACL in interpretation and application.As a strategy of saving cognitive costs,the ACL is overridden by the intellectual property law and traditional civil law in various aspects.Such strategy results in a large amount of discourse practice disregarding the context of the ACL,and makes the meaning of legal concepts disorientated from their own contexts.The improvement of the ACL depends on the refinement of its terminology and discourse practice.