虚拟偶像“表演”著作权法规制的困境及其破解

The Dilemma on Regulating Virtual Idol"Performance"under the Copyright Law and Its Solution

“云演艺”逐渐进入大众视野,与之相伴生的虚拟偶像“表演”的法律规制问题亟需解决。虚拟偶像“表演”的本质是借助虚拟现实技术对作品进行复制、表演、广播、信息网络传播等方式的利用,虚拟偶像是以可视化方式展现的数据,“表演”过程离不开“中之人”提供数据采集样本和同步数据。虚拟偶像“表演”的规制,应当正视产业实践的商业逻辑。在具体路径上,可以借鉴人工智能生成内容著作权法保护的理论探索,在著作权法层面进行制度创新,将作为表演工具的虚拟偶像和提供数据采集样本与同步数据的“中之人”视为完成“表演”行为的整体,以“特殊职务表演”来确定权利归属及其限制。“中之人”享有“表明表演者身份”的人身权利,虚拟偶像运营者享有“保护表演形象不受歪曲”的人身权利和其他财产权利,当事人可以在合同中对“中之人”“表明表演者身份”权利的行使作出限制性约定。

"Cloud performance"is gradually coming into the public's view,and there's a need of legal regulation on virtual idol"performance"accordingly.The essence of virtual idol"performance"is to use the virtual reality technology to copy,perform,broadcast and communicate through information network,etc.Virtual idols are visualized data,and the process of"performance"is inseparable from the"the man behind virtual idol"to provide data collection samples and synchronous data.The regulation of virtual idols"performance"should face up to the commercial logic of industrial practice.We can draw lessons from theoretical research for legal protection of contents generated by artificial intelligence under the Copyright Law,and make systematic innovation through amending the law.We could regard virtual idols as a performing tool and"the man behind virtual idol"who provide data samples,the synchronous data as a complete"performance"as a whole,and apply"special performance made for hire"rule to determine the right ownership and its restrictions."The man behind virtual idol"enjoys the right of attribution as a"performer",while the operator of virtual idols enjoys the right of integrity to"protect the performance image from distortion"and all economic rights.The parties could make restrictive agreements on the exercise of the right of attribution as a performer of"the man behind virtual idol"in the contract.