墓志所见明代公主的丧葬礼仪

The Funeral Etiquette of the Princesses of the Ming Dynasty from the Epitaph

首都博物馆收藏有8合北京地区出土的明代公主(含长公主与大长公主)墓志。墓志含有墓主死亡时间、下葬时间以及官员致祭等信息。嘉靖之前,墓主去世和下葬时间基本符合三月而葬的制度,嘉靖之后则有所延长。嘉靖时期,公主墓志出现装饰纹络,说明嘉靖年间的社会及墓葬文化正在发生着变化。

The Capital Museum has the collection of 8 epitaphs of Ming Dynasty princesses(including the emperor′s sisters and the emperor′s aunts)unearthed from Beijing.The epitaphs contained information such as the time of death of the tomb owner and the time of burial and official sacrifices.These epitaphs show,before Jiajing Reign,the burial time of the tomb owner basically conformed to the regulations of three months after the death;after Jiajing Reign,the burial time was more than three months.In addition,during the Jiajing Period,decorative patterns began to appear in the princess epitaph,indicating that the society and tomb culture of this period were undergoing a change.