文本差异与思想分歧——《韩非子》与《孔子家语》“重文”现象研究

Text Differences and Ideological Divergences--A Study on the Repeated Texts Between Han Fei Zi and Kong Zi Jia Yu

今本《孔子家语》和《韩非子》中有五组“重文”,其中有三组“重文”文本差异显著,相似度很低,这种显著不同恰好与二书的思想分歧一致:具有明显儒家色彩的文辞,《韩非子》中均无;具有明显法家色彩的文辞,《孔子家语》中均无。另有两组“重文”文本差异极小,相似度很高,其所表现的思想恰为儒法两家所共持。造成《韩非子》与《孔子家语》“重文”的原因是它们使用了相同的源文献。这批文献由韩非的老师荀子收集、整理,后辗转流传至汉,成为《韩非子》《孔子家语》《说苑》等典籍共同的素材。《韩非子》寓言有一部分是通过改编历史故事而成,其改编的一般方法就是把所用历史文献中与法家思想不合的内容删除,增加符合法家思想的细节,同时有意增强其故事性,通过一些细节说明它们与历史文献本貌的不同。

There are five groups of cross-reference texts between Han Fei Zi and Kong Zi Jia Yu,three of which have significant difference and low similarity.This significant difference coincides with the ideological divergences of the two books:there are no words with obvious Confucian color in Han Fei Zi,and there is no diction with obvious legalism in Kong Zi Jia Yu.The other two groups of cross-reference texts have little difference and high similarity,and their ideas are shared by Confucianism and Legalism.The reason why Han Fei Zi and Kong Zi Jia Yu had the cross-reference texts is that they had used the same source documents.These documents were collected and sorted out by Xun Zi,the teacher of Han Fei.Afterwards,these documents spread to the Han Dynasty,becoming the common materials of classics such as Han Fei Zi,Kong Zi Jia Yu and Shuo Yuan.Parts of the fables in Han Fei Zi were made by adapting historical stories.The method of its adaptation was to delete the contents in the historical documents that were inconsistent with the legalists′thoughts,to increase the details that conformed to the legalists′thoughts,and intentionally to enhance its narrativity.In the process of adaptation,Han Fei intended to explain the differences between his fables and the original appearance of historical documents through some details.