青年科技创新人才成长要素与路径研究--基于上海的调查

Research on Growth Factors and Paths of Youth Innovative Talents of Science and Technology--Based on a survey in Shanghai

国家科技创新力的根本源泉在于人,科技的未来在青年。为推进科技自立自强,必须发挥青年科技创新人才的战略后备军作用,支持青年人才挑大梁、当主角。从年龄、特征和范围3个维度对青年科技创新人才的内涵进行了界定,并基于卢因行为模型等理论构建了人才成长要素的“三角模型”,认为青年科技创新人才的成长受年龄、能力、动力形成的“内三角”以及(他)人、机构、环境形成的“外三角”的影响。通过发放问卷,对上海青年科技创新人才发展的现状与问题进行了调研,在学习借鉴国内外培育青年科技创新人才典型经验模式的基础上,从优化科研资助模式、改革人才评价机制、搭建干事创业平台、营造良好创新生态等角度提出了优化青年科技创新人才成长成才的路径建议。

The fundamental source of national innovation of science and technology lies in tal⁃ents,and the future of science lies in the youth.In order to promote self-reliance and self improvement in science and technology,youth innovative talents of science and technology must play a strategic reserve forces and be supported to play the leading role.Based on the laws of sci⁃entific and technological innovation and the growth and development of young talents,this paper defines the connotation of young scientific and technological innovation talents from three dimen⁃sions,including the age,characteristics and range,in combination with the current characteris⁃tics of relevant policies supporting young innovative talents of science and technology in China.The young innovative talents of science and technology generally refer to the talents with a doc⁃tor degree or starting the researching career within ten years,not over 45 years old,who have strong scientific and technological innovation ability,learning ability,problem-solving ability and extensive knowledge system.It mainly includes master's and doctoral students with poten⁃tial for innovation,and young scientific and technological workers in universities,institutes and enterprises.Based on the theory of Lewin behavior model,the youth science and technology inno⁃vation talents growth factor"triangle model"is built by combination with relevant theory of so⁃cial psychology and anthropology.It is thought that the growth of young scientific and technologi⁃cal innovation talents is mainly influenced by the"inner triangle"formed by age,ability and mo⁃tivation and the"outer triangle"formed by(other)people,organization and environment.This pa⁃per investigates the candidates of Project Qi Ming Xing and Project Yangfan in recent ten years in Shanghai by questionnaires which collected a total of 2256 valid samples.Several problems in the youth innovative talents of science and technology in Shanghai have been found,such as the insufficient cultivation of growth paradigm in the"inner triangle"and the whole environment of"outer triangle"to be optimized.Based on learning to the typical model and experience of cul⁃tivating youth innovative talents of science and technology in domestic and overseas,this study puts forward major policies and measures to optimize the growth path of youth innovative talents of science and technology mainly on optimizing the funding model,reforming the evaluation mechanism,building the platforms for entrepreneurship,creating the innovative ecosystem and so on.