美日科研资助机构的产学研资助计划及对我国的启示

Industry-University-Research Funding Programs of U.S.and Japanese Research Funding Agencies and Enlightenment for China

产学研合作是我国经济转型关键时期推动科技创新的重要引擎之一,科研资助机构产学研资助计划的设立可以为产学研合作创造更好的平台与环境,推动我国产学研结合发展,助力科技创新。选取美国和日本两个国家,以两国的产学研资助计划为研究对象,从资助机构、设立年份、经费来源、经费规模、项目运行等方面进行对比分析,总结各自的特点与经验,最后从产学研资助计划的顶层设计、合作组织形式、评价体系等3个方面对我国科学基金产学研资助计划的设立提供建议。

Industry-university-research(IUR)cooperation is one of the important engines to promote scientific and technological innovation in the critical period of China's economic trans⁃formation.The establishment of IUR funding program of research funding institutions can create a better platform and environment for IUR cooperation,promote the development of China's industry-academia-research combination,and help scientific and technological innovation.At present,China's science foundation has few plans to support IUR cooperation,and there is still a lack of a complete IUR cooperation funding system.However,scientific research funding institu⁃tions in the United States and Japan have rich experience in IUR cooperation funding plans.Therefore,this article selects the United States and Japan to study their IUR funding programs,and makes a comparative analysis and comprehensive analysis of the two countries'IUR funding programs from the aspects of funding institutions,establishment year,funding sources,funding scale and project operation.By summarizing the characteristics and experience of the two countries'IUR funding pro⁃grams,four main conclusions were drawn:①The IUR funding program in the United States is characterized by early implementation and mature system,while the IUR funding program in Ja⁃pan is characterized by detailed classification and more targeted funding.②The U.S.IUR fund⁃ing program is funded by"government+X"multiple inputs,while the Japanese IUR funding program is mainly a single government input.③Both the US and Japan have large funding scales for IUR funding programs,and the amount is set according to the actual situation of the programs.④In terms of project operation,the"membership system"is the main highlight of the U.S.IUR funding program,while the"dual person-in-charge system"is the prominent feature of the Japanese IUR funding program.Finally,the top-level design,cooperation organization form and evaluation system of the IUR funding program are three aspects that have some enlightenment to the establishment of the IUR funding program in China:①China urgently needs to strengthen the top-level design of the institutional mechanism of the IUR funding program,and create an institutional mechanism of IUR funding with multi-dimensional objectives,diversified subjects and diversified inputs.②China should continue to support enterprises and universities,scientific research institutions in the IUR funding program joint group"combat",and constantly expand the new modes of IUR co⁃operation.③China should gradually improve the evaluation of IUR funding program and estab⁃lish an evaluation system covering the whole elements of input,process and output.