基要性变革:理解农业现代化的中国道路

Strategical Transformation:Understanding the Chinese Pattern of Agricultural Modernization

小规模、分散化的农业家庭经营格局阻滞现代生产要素的采纳与农业生产效率的改进,这意味着衔接小农户与现代农业需要突破传统农地规模经营思路,探寻中国道路。农业分工与专业化发展为中国农业现代化开拓出新空间。通过发展农业生产性服务,即由专业化的服务供应商为小农户提供部分或全部生产环节的生产要素支持或者托管服务,可弥补小农户的禀赋局限,促使其以迂回投资的方式采纳现代高效的生产要素。这是不同于美国与日本“资本型农业”的“第三条道路”。由社会化而引入的现代生产要素、企业家能力与组织方式,可视为“大国小农”农业现代化转型的基要性变革。文章对“农业社会化服务研究”的专栏文章做了简要介绍,并对需要进一步研究的问题,尤其是全面推进乡村振兴的基要性变革问题进行了讨论。

With small-scale and decentralized farmland,the agricultural operation system based on small households hinders the adoption of modern production factors and the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.The fact shows that bridging the gap between smallholder farmers and modern agri⁃culture requires a break with traditional thinking about farmland scale operation and exploring the Chi⁃nese pattern.The advancement of agricultural division of labor and specialization has opened up new space for China’s agricultural modernization.Developing agricultural productive services,that is,special⁃ized service providers offer small households production factors or trusteeship services covering some or all production stages,can help to overcome the endowment shortage of small households and promote their adoption of modern and efficient production factors in a roundabout way of investment.Different from the“capital-based agriculture”developed by the United States and Japan,the Chinese pattern serves as the“third way”for realizing agricultural modernization.The introduction of modern production factors,entrepreneurial ability and organization mode based on socialization represent the strategical transformation towards agricultural modernization of“a large country with small households”.The paper briefly reviews the column of“Research on agricultural socialized services”and reveals further research directions with a discussion on the issue of promoting rural revitalization by strategical transformation.