余姚杨梅种质资源研究和开发利用

Research and Utilization of the Red Bayberry Germplasm Resources in Yuyao City

杨梅为我国特产水果,酸甜可口、香气浓郁,有较高的经济价值,能促进农业经济发展。杨梅种植主要分布于长江流域以南,浙江、江苏、福建、重庆、云南、贵州等地都有大规模的杨梅栽培。浙江为我国杨梅的原产地和主产区,面积、产量位居全国第一、世界第一,而余姚作为浙江杨梅的主产区之一,早在7000多a前的河姆渡时期就已开始出现杨梅,如今杨梅种植面积、产量都占整个浙江省的5%以上,品种也十分丰富,有着“中国杨梅之乡”的称号。原产于余姚的‘荸荠’,20世纪80年代后广泛引种于江南地区,成为当地主栽杨梅良种。通过分析余姚杨梅种质资源现状和遗传多样性,以及相关的基因组和杂交育种研究进展,提出余姚杨梅的存在问题和发展对策,从而更好地扩大其影响力,形成口碑效应,同时期望对其他产区提供借鉴。

Red bayberry,a native fruit of China,has a sour-sweet taste and rich aroma.Its high economic value can promote development of the agricultural economy.Red bayberry cultivation is mainly distributed south of the Yangtze River,especially in Zhejiang,Jiangsu,Fujian and Chongqing.Zhejiang is the origin and main production area in China,ranking first in area and output of red bayberry in China and worldwide.Yuyao isone of the main production areas in Zhejiang,and is where red bayberry seed was discovered in the Hemudu ruins,dating back about 7,000 years.Today,the area in Yuyao planted with red bayberry is 5%of the Zhejiang province.Since both the number of the recorded varieties and the genetic diversity are highest in Yuyao,it is known as the“China red bayberry origin”.This article reviews the progress in studies of the germplasm resources,genetic diversity,genome and cross-breeding of red bayberry,and presents the existing problems and development strategy.It is expected that this will increase the potential and reputation of Yuyao in red bayberry,andto act as a reference for other producing areas.