‘脆玉’桃质构研究初探

Study on Texture Characteristics of‘Cuiyu’Peach

【目的】桃为呼吸跃变型水果,它的果实成熟软化过程快,时间短,且不耐贮藏,直接影响市场供应,本试验以中熟桃品种‘脆玉’为试材,对果实质地多方面分析,运用穿刺法摸索与果实质地高度相关的参数,旨在为研究‘脆玉’桃质构特性奠定基础。【方法】对测试品种采用电子天平称重,并用质构分析仪进行穿刺试验测试,得出穿刺曲线图,采用Excel 2003单因素方差法进行数据分析。【结果】各个桃品种间的单果质量存在显著差异,依次为脆玉>大久保>兴津油桃>早大久保;可溶性固形物质量分数大小依次为脆玉>兴津油桃>早大久保>大久保;糖酸比大小依次为脆玉>大久保>早大久保>兴津油桃。‘脆玉’桃与同期成熟其他桃品种果实、果皮穿刺强度比较,强度值最高,脆性中等水平,硬溶质,耐贮运。【结论】‘脆玉’桃果实的质构参数中果皮穿刺硬度、果皮韧性、果肉坚实度、果肉纤维指数明显优于其他同期成熟的桃品种,由此可以用果皮穿刺硬度、果皮韧性、果肉坚实度、果肉纤维指数作为参数来评价‘脆玉’桃的质地,结果表明‘脆玉’桃是一个符合市场需求的中熟鲜食品种,值得推广。

【Objective】Peach is a respiratory climacteric fruit.Its fruit ripening and softening process is fast,and it is not resistant to storage,which directly affects the market supply.In this experiment,the medium-mature peach cultivar‘Cuiyu’was used as the test material.The fruit texture was analyzed in many aspects,and the parameters highly related to the fruit texture were explored by puncture method,in order to lay the foundation for studying the texture characteristics of‘Cuiyu’peach.【Methods】The test cultivars were weighed by electronic balance,and the puncture test was carried out by texture analyzer.The puncture curve was obtained,and Excel 2003 single factor variance method was used for data analysis.【Results】There were significant differences in single fruit quality among different peach culitivars,followed by Cuiyu>Jiubao peach>Xingjin>Zaodajiubao;the mass fraction of soluble solids was in the order of Cuiyu>Xingjin>Zaodajiubao>Jiubao;the order of sugar acid ratio is Cuiyu>Dajiubao>Zaodajiubao>Xingjin.Cuiyu peach has the highest puncture strength,medium brittleness,hard solute,and good storage and transportation compared with other peach cultivars.【Conclusion】‘Cuiyu’peach fruit quality and structure parameters of mesocarp puncture hardness,skin,flesh firmness,pulp fiber toughness index is superior to the other in the same period ripe peach varieties,which can use the skin puncture hardness,skin,flesh firmness,pulp fiber toughness index as the parameter to evaluate‘Cuiyu’peach texture of peach,The results showed that‘Cuiyu’peach is a medium ripe fresh variety which meets the market demand and is worth popularizing.