化肥减施结合有机肥对灵武长枣果园土壤肥力及果实品质的影响

Effect of Reduced Application of Chemical Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Fruit Quality of‘Lingwuchangzao’

【目的】研究化肥减施结合有机肥处理对灵武长枣果园土壤肥力及果实品质的影响,探讨有机肥替代部分化肥在田间施用的可行性,为黄河流域灵武长枣产区科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】本研究以灵武长枣为试材,设置常规施肥、化肥减施结合有机肥和生物菌剂的不同处理,测定了土壤肥力、产量以及果实品质的相关指标。【结果】以常规施肥处理为对照,化肥减施在25%以上配施有机肥和生物菌剂处理,果园土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量降幅分别在6.8%~17.4%、26.9%~40.3%、12.1%~36.1%、43.4%~54.1%、16.1%~27.9%,但对单株产量影响不显著,可以显著提高果实可溶性糖、糖酸比,降低果实可滴定酸含量。【结论】在灵武长枣产区土壤养分丰富的枣园,化肥减施25%配施有机肥和生物菌剂对产量影响不显著,对提升果实品质具有一定的可行性。

【Objective】The effects of reduced application chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil fertility and fruit quality of‘Lingwuchangzao’orchard were studied,and the feasibility of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer in the field was discussed,which provided a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization in‘Lingwuchangzao’production area of the Yellow River Basin.【Methods】‘Lingwuchangzao’was used as test material,and different treatments of conventional fertilization,chemical fertilizer reduction and combined application of organic fertilizer and biological bacteria were set.The soil fertility,yield and fruit quality were measured.【Results】The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the reduction of chemical fertilizer was more than 50%,combined with organic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium of orchard soil decreased by 6.8%~17.4%,26.9%~40.3%,12.1%~36.1%,43.4%~54.1%and 16.1%~27.9%respectively.Halving chemical fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent had no significant effect on single plant yield,which could significantly increase the ratio of soluble sugar to acid and reduce the content of titratable acid in fruit.【Conclusion】In conclusion,in the jujube orchard with rich soil nutrients in‘Lingwuchangzao’production area,the reduction of chemical fertilizer by 25%combined with organic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent has no significant impact on yield,improving fruit quality,which is feasible in the short term.