梨树液体授粉对比试验分析

Comparative Study on Liquid Pollination of Pear Tree

【目的】近年来出现梨树授粉率低、坐果质量差等问题,为了提高梨花授粉率,生产优质果品,2021年笔者开展了对玉露香梨、砀山酥梨两个梨品种的液体授粉对比试验。【方法】试验设置2个处理,处理1为液体授粉;处理2为对照,采用自然授粉。液体授粉共喷施2次,分别在开花30%时喷施一次,开花50%时再喷施一次。在进行液体授粉处理前后,对玉露香梨、砀山酥梨的花朵、花序数、坐果数进行测定。【结果】玉露香梨、砀山酥梨两个品种在进行液体授粉前后与自然授粉对照树之间存在一定的差异。在花数及坐果率指标方面,经过液体授粉处理后的树都比对比对照样本花量大,坐果率高。在单果质量、可溶性固形物质量分数、果实去皮硬度等3个指标方面都优于对照样本。【结论】液体授粉是一种新型授粉技术,具有授粉速度快、节省人工的特点,且能增加柱头的水分和养分,延长柱头授粉受精时间,提高坐果率。

【Objective】In recent years,pear pollination rate is low and fruit setting quality is poor.In order to improve the pollination rate of pear and produce high quality fruit,the author carried out liquid pollination comparative experiment on two pear varieties Yuluxiang pear and Dangshansu pear in 2021.【Methods】Two treatments were set up in the experiment.Treatment 1 was liquid pollination.Treatment 2 was the control,and natural pollination was used.Liquid pollination was sprayed twice,once at 30%flowering and again at 50%flowering.Before and after liquid pollination,the number of flowers,floral order and fruit set of Yuluxiang pear and Dangshansu pear were measured.【Result】There were some differences between the two cultivars before and after liquid pollination and the control tree before and after natural pollination.In terms of flower number and fruit-setting rate,the trees treated with liquid pollination had larger flower number and higher fruit-setting rate than the control samples.It was superior to the control samples in single fruit weight,soluble solid mass fraction and fruit peeling hardness.【Conclusion】Liquid pollination is a new pollination technology,which has the characteristics of fast pollination speed,low labor cost,and can increase the water and nutrient of stigma,prolong the time of stigma pollination and fertilization,and improve the fruit setting rate.