《庄子》“至德之世”及其生态乌托邦建构

“The World of Supreme Virtue”in Zhuangzi and Its Construction of Ecological Utopia

《庄子》“至德之世”理想世界的生态特色浓厚,可以称之为“生态乌托邦”。《庄子》建构生态乌托邦,从现实因素看,有其社会生活原型,基于对当时儒墨思想的批判,也受到生态环境问题的影响;从思想渊源看,直接继承了老子的社会理想,广泛吸纳了先秦时期生态文化资源,更是庄子学派思想自身发展的结果。《庄子》建构生态乌托邦在思想史上具有独特的地位,体现在它开启了一条独特的建构路径,彰显了荒野存在的重要价值,奠定了中国古代非人类中心主义生态伦理学的基础。

The ideal world of“the world of supreme virtue”in Zhuangzi has strong ecological characteristics,which can be called“ecological Utopia”.The construction of ecological Utopia in Zhuangzi has its prototype of social life from the perspective of practical factors.It is based on the criticism of Confucianism and Mohism at that time,and also affected by the problems of ecological environment;From the perspective of ideological origin,it directly inherited Lao Tzu’s social ideal and widely absorbed the ecological and cultural resources in the pre-Qin period,which is the result of the self-development of Zhuangzi school.The construction of ecological Utopia in Zhuangzi has a unique position in the history of thought,as it opens a unique construction path,highlights the important value of wilderness existence,and lays the foundation of non-anthropocentric ecological ethics in ancient China.