氮肥运筹对机插大穗型单季稻产量及品质的影响

Nitrogen Application:Effect on Yield and Quality of Machine Transplanted Large Panicle Single Cropping Rice

为了提出适合大穗型杂交稻‘甬优1540’的最佳施肥模式,在机插且总氮施用量为195 kg/hm;条件下,以杂交稻‘甬优1540’为供试材料。在2019年设传统施肥(T1)、机插一次施肥(T2)、机插施肥:分蘖肥7:3(T3)、机插施肥:穗肥7:3(T4)四种氮肥施用模式,研究不同氮肥运筹模式对杂交稻‘甬优1540’产量和主要品质性状的影响。另外增设无氮区处理(磷、钾肥相同)作为对照(CK)。结果表明,穗期追施氮肥(7:3)产量最高。相比于传统施肥,机插施肥:穗肥7:3(T4)处理增加了整精米率、碱消值和胶稠度,降低了直链淀粉含量。说明‘甬优1540’在高产栽培中合理施肥模式为机插施肥:穗肥7:3(T4),该运筹比例有利于稻米品质提高。

In order to propose the best fertilization mode suitable for large panicle hybrid rice’Yongyou 1540’,under the condition of machine transplanting and total nitrogen application rate of 195 kg/hm~2, four nitrogen treatments were conducted in 2019: traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen(T1), singledose deep fertilization at machine transplanting with 100% controlled-release nitrogen(T2), deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen at machine transplanting and topdressing of 30% quick-release nitrogen at tillering(T3), and deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen at machine transplanting and topdressing of 30% quick-release nitrogen at panicle initiation(T4). The effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management modes on the yield and main quality traits of hybrid rice’Yongyou 1540’were studied. In addition, a nitrogen-free treatment(same phosphorus and potassium fertilizer) was taken the control(CK). The results showed that the yield of T4was the highest. Compared with the traditional nitrogen application with quick-release nitrogen(T1), T4 increased the percentage of head rice rate, alkali spreading value and rice gel consistency and reduced amylose content. The results indicate that the reasonable fertilization mode of’Yongyou 1540’in high-yield cultivation is deep fertilization of 70% controlled-release nitrogen at machine transplanting and topdressing of 30% quick-release nitrogen at panicle initiation(T4), which is beneficial to the improvement of rice quality.