设施土壤障碍分析与平衡肥施用效果研究

Barrier Analysis of Greenhouse Soil and Effect of Balanced Fertilizer Application

对宿城区设施土壤进行采样测定与分析,明确土壤养分污染的主要障碍因子,根据土壤所缺养分设计平衡肥配方,研究平衡肥施用在作物增产提质与消除土壤污染方面的作用效果。实验室分析测定与田间试验结果表明:(1)宿城区代表性设施土壤总体上存在有机质含量和有效磷水平偏低的问题;部分土壤存在次生盐渍化现象,土壤速效氮、速效钾含量水平总体偏高,但变异较大,少数土壤仍存在氮素和钾素供应不足的问题。(2)土壤水溶性盐含量变异很大,高浓度导致土壤存在盐渍化危害,低浓度导致土壤养分供应强度不能满足作物生长基本需求;部分土壤水溶性K^(+)/Mg^(2+)偏高、部分土壤K^(+)/Mg^(2+)偏低,多数土壤Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+)严重偏低。(3)根据土壤养分、盐分状况配制的平衡肥,具有促进作物高产优质、降低土壤污染负荷的作用,其中以450 kg/hm^(2)处理效果较为突出。

The greenhouse soil in Sucheng District was sampled, determined and analyzed, and the main obstacle factors of soil nutrient pollution were identified. The formula of balanced fertilizer was designed according to soil nutrient deficiency, and the effect of balanced fertilizer application on crop yield and quality improvement and elimination of soil pollution was studied. The results of laboratory analysis and field test showed that:(1) the organic matter content and available phosphorus level of representative greenhouse soils in this area were generally low;secondary salinization existed in some soils, and the content level of available nitrogen and available potassium in soils were generally high, but the variation was large, and a few parts still had the problem of insufficient supply of nitrogen and potassium;(2) the content of water-soluble salt in soil varied greatly, high concentration led to salinization of soil, while low concentration led to the failure of soil nutrient supply intensity to meet the basic needs of crop growth;the water-soluble K^(+)/Mg^(2+) in some soils was relatively high, the K^(+)/Mg^(2+) in some soils was relatively low, and Mg^(2+)/Ca^(2+) in most soils was seriously low;(3)balanced fertilizer prepared according to soil nutrient and salt condition could promote high yield and quality of crops and reduce soil pollution load, and the treatment effect of 450 kg/hm^(2) was more prominent.