机心与解蔽:论庄子对技术的哲学批判

Selfish Motives and Uncovering: On Zhuangzi’s Philosophical Criticism of Technology

庄子对技术的哲学批判具有人本主义的基本精神,强调技术是手段、人是目的这一根本宗旨。“子贡南游”的故事揭示出“机心”对个人存在的戕害,庄子批判技术主义的倾向和功利实用的态度,主张将技术提升至技艺的道境层面,呼吁关注自然与自由的和谐。庄子力图在“道通为一”的视域中去提升人的精神境界,开拓心灵,彰显此在的独特性和超越性。技术造成的“遮蔽”只有在技艺的“解蔽”中才能探寻出正确的方向,人只有在对道的守护和向往中才能始终保持本真的存在状态。

Zhuangzi’s philosophical criticism of technology has the basic spirit of humanism, emphasizing the fundamental purpose that technology is a means and man is an end.“Zigong’s Tour to the South”reveals the harm of“selfish motives”to personal existence. Zhuangzi criticizes the technicalism and utilitarian attitude, advocates the promotion of technology to the level of craftsmanship, and calls attention to the harmony between nature and freedom. Zhuangzi strives to elevate people’s spiritual realm, open up the soul, and demonstrate the uniqueness and transcendence of Dasein from the perspective of“Dao Tong is one”. The“masking”caused by technology can only find the correct direction in the“unmasking”of skills, and only by guarding and yearning for the Tao can people always maintain their authentic existence.