中国鬼伞类真菌的分类

Taxonomy of coprinoid fungi in China

鬼伞类真菌涉及蘑菇科的鬼伞属Coprinus以及小脆柄菇科的小鬼伞属Coprinellus、拟鬼伞属Coprinopsis、近地伞属Parasola、刺毛鬼伞属Tulosesus和心孢鬼伞属Narcissea。基于标本研究和文献记载,确认我国该类真菌57种:小鬼伞属9种,刺毛鬼伞属10种,心孢鬼伞属3种,拟鬼伞属25种,近地伞属8种,鬼伞属2种。本文记载1个新组合——速亡型心孢鬼伞Narcissea ephemeroides,中国新记录种11个:黄鳞小鬼伞Coprinellus ellisii、甜味小鬼伞Coprinellus saccharinus、锐突拟鬼伞Coprinopsis acuminata、非洲雪白拟鬼伞Coprinopsis afronivea、美丽拟鬼伞Coprinopsis bellula、钟孢拟鬼伞Coprinopsis mitraespora、麻醉拟鬼伞Coprinopsis narcotica、厚壁拟鬼伞Coprinopsis pachyderma、近雪白拟鬼伞Coprinopsis pseudonivea、施罗特近地伞Parasola schroeteri和刺毛近地伞Parasola setulosa。编制了中国鬼伞类真菌分种检索表,对新组合和中国新记录种进行形态学描述,并提供线条图。结合ITS和LSU序列片段,采用了最大似然法和贝叶斯分析法建立系统发育树,反映各类群之间的系统演化关系。

Coprinoid fungi include the species of Coprinellus,Coprinopsis,Parasola,Tulosesus and Narcissea,belonging to Psathyrellaceae with the exception of Coprinus in Agaricaceae.Based on the specimens and literature records,there are 57 species of coprinoid fungi hitherto known from China,including 9 of Coprinellus,10 of Tulosesus,3 of Narcissea,25 of Coprinopsis,8 of Parasola,and 2 of Coprinus.Here,1 new combination,Narcissea ephemeroides,and 11 new Chinese records,Coprinellus ellisii,Coprinellus saccharinus,Coprinopsis acuminata,Coprinopsis afronivea,Coprinopsis bellula,Coprinopsis mitraespora,Coprinopsis narcotica,Coprinopsis pachyderma,Coprinopsis pseudonivea,Parasola schroeteri and Parasola setulosa,were presented.Phylogenetic analysis based on multigene alignment of ITS and LSU sequence datasets was used to investigate the relationships of the fungi.The new combination and newly recorded species were confirmed by the phylogeny result.Illustrations and photographs of these species are provided.Besides,the keys to known species of coprinoid fungi from China were provided.