中医“治未病”理论对慢性病高危人群的指导意义

The Guiding Significance of the Theory of “Preventive Treatment of Diseases” in Traditional Chinese Medicine for High-risk Groups of Chronic Diseases

目的:探讨中医“治未病”理论对慢性病高危人群的指导意义。方法:选取2018年5月—2020年5月漯河市中医院健康管理中心收治的82例慢性病高危患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组(n=41)与对照组(n=41),对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用中医“治未病”理论护理。对比两组患者健康知识知晓度和干预前后自护理能力测定表(ESCA)评分、自我效能感量表(GSES)评分、血压血糖水平[收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)]、相关指标改变状况及管理质量比较。结果:观察组中药调理、低盐低脂饮食、中医养生运动、规律锻炼健康知识知晓度较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.765、4.661、6.455、4.556,P<0.05)。干预后,观察组ESCA、GSES评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(t=23.082、9.956,P<0.05);干预后,观察组DBP、SBP、HbAlc水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(t=5.465、2.537、11.203,P<0.05);干预后,观察组胆固醇、甘油三酯水平较对照组低,腰围较对照组短,差异有统计学意义(t=26.593、4.965、19.667,P<0.05);干预后,观察组自主参与、解决问题和情景和追踪和协调评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(t=12.775、11.598、11.743,P<0.05)。结论:采用中医“治未病”理论对慢性病高危人群可提高健康知识知晓度,增强自我效能,提高自护能力,改善血压血糖水平及相关指标,能提高管理质量。

Objective:To explore the guiding significance of“preventive treatment of diseases”theory of traditional Chinese medicine to high-risk groups of chronic diseases.Methods:A total of 82 high-risk patients with chronic diseases admitted to the hospital from May 2018 to May 2020 were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group according to the random number table method,with 41 cases in each group.The control group was given routine nursing care,while the observation group was given traditional Chinese medicine“preventive treatment”theoretical nursing on the basis of the control group.The awareness of health knowledge,self-care ability assessment(ESCA),self-efficacy scale(GSES)scores,blood pressure and blood glucose levels(systolic blood pressure(SBP)),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc),related indicators change status and management quality before and after intervention were compared between the two groups.Results:The awareness of health knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine conditioning,low-salt and low-fat diet,traditional Chinese medicine health exercise,and regular exercise in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=8.765,4.661,6.455,4.556,P<0.05).After the intervention,the ESCA and GSES scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=23.082,9.956,P<0.05).After intervention,the levels of DBP,SBP and Hb Alc in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.465,2.537,11.203,P<0.05).After intervention,the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,and the waist circumference was shorter than that in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=26.593,4.965,19.667,P<0.05).After the intervention,the scores of autonomous participation,problem solving and situation,tracking and coordination in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=12.775,11.598,11.743,P<0.05).Conclusion:Adopting the theory of“preventive treatment of diseases”in traditional Chinese medicine can improve the awareness of health knowledge,enhance self-efficacy,improve self-care ability,improve blood pressure and blood sugar levels and related indicators for high-risk groups of chronic diseases,and can improve the quality of management.