幼年特发性关节炎膝关节的磁共振成像表现

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

幼年特发性关节炎是一组疾病的总称,指发生于16岁以下儿童、病程持续6周或更长、原因不明的关节炎。滑膜炎会导致关节破坏及不可逆的损伤,继而引起功能障碍。早期及时诊断对防止永久性关节损伤及保护关节功能极为重要。在幼年特发性关节炎病程中,中轴骨及外周四肢骨均可受累,但膝关节表现最为常见。最新的药物和治疗方案均以此病在最早期阶段确诊为条件。幼年特发性关节炎可表现为滑膜炎、腱鞘炎、肌腱附着处炎症、滑囊炎、骨髓炎、软骨损伤、骨囊肿和骨侵蚀,这些都可在磁共振成像(MRI)上清晰显示。文章对幼年特发性关节炎膝关节受累的MRI表现进行总结。

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is an umbrella term for a group of diseases that refer to arthritis of unknown cause that occurs in children under the age of 16 and lasts 6 weeks or more.Synovitis can lead to joint destruction and irreversible damage,which can lead to dysfunction.Early and timely diagnosis is extremely important to prevent permanent joint damage and preserve joint function.In the course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis,both the axial bone and the peripheral limb bones can be involved,but the knee joint is the most common manifestation.The latest drugs and treatment options are conditional on diagnosis at the earliest stages of the disease.Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can manifest as synovitis,tenosynovitis,inflammation of the tendon attachment,bursitis,osteomyelitis,cartilage damage,bone cysts,and bone erosions,all of which can be clearly seen on MRI.This article summarizes the MRI findings of juvenile idiopathic arthritis knee involvement.