玉米细胞核雄性不育基因的研究进展及其在玉米育种中的应用

Research Progress of Nuclear Male Sterility Gene in Maize and Its Application in Maize Breeding

作为重要的农作物之一的玉米不仅是生物燃料、食品、饲料和工业原料的来源,而且还是解决遗传学基本问题的模式植物。雄性不育可以提高杂种优势的利用率和杂交种子的产量。玉米中细胞核雄性不育(genic male-sterility,GMS)基因的鉴定和表征可加深对控制花药和花粉发育的分子机制的认识,也可用于开发和有效利用基于生物技术的雄性不育(biotechnology-based male-sterility,BMS)系统进行作物杂交育种。本综述总结了玉米中GMS基因的鉴定和表征的研究进展,并讨论了十几个BMS系统的特征,为繁殖雄性不育系和玉米杂交育种提供了理论基础;最后,对玉米GMS基因研究及其新型BMS系统开发进行了展望。

As one of the most important crops,maize not only has been a source of the food,feed,and industrial feed-stock for biofuel and products,but also became a model plant system for addressing fundamental questions in genetics.Male sterility is a very useful trait for hybrid vigor utilization and hybrid seed production.The identification and characterization of genic male-sterility(GMS)genes in maize have deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling anther and pollen development,and enabled the development and efficient use of many biotechnology-based male-sterility(BMS)systems for crop hybrid breeding.In this review,we summarize main advances on the identification and characterization of GMS genes in maize,and discuss and appraise the features of more than a dozen BMS systems for propagating male-sterile lines and producing hybrid seeds in maize.Finally,we provide our perspectives on the studies of GMS genes and the development of novel BMS systems in maize.