南京地区中老年女性盆底功能障碍性疾病的发生情况及相关因素分析

Analysis on prevalence and related factors of pelvic floor dysfunction in middle-aged and old women in Nanjing

目的 探讨南京地区中老年女性盆底功能障碍性疾病(PFD)的发生情况,分析相关因素。方法 选取2019年3—11月在南京市雨花台区妇幼保健所进行体检的中老年女性379例,采用一般资料问卷调查、体格检查、盆底功能测试及心理评估问卷对受试对象PFD发生率、生活质量及心理状况进行调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 在379例调查对象中,304例患PFD,PFD发生率为80.21%,其中单纯性尿失禁10例(3.29%),子宫脱垂1例(0.33%),阴道脱垂288例(94.74%),子宫伴阴道脱垂4例(1.32%),盆腔脱垂部位不详1例(0.33%)。124例PFD患者进行盆底肌力检测,盆底Ⅰ类肌纤维强度为(11.78±5.22)mm Hg、Ⅱ类肌纤维强度为(17.10±6.80)mm Hg,均低于正常值。Ⅰ类肌疲劳度为(-1.96±5.32)%,高于正常范围,Ⅱ类肌募集时间为(1.08±0.94)s,高于正常参考值。腹型肥胖患者的Ⅰ类肌纤维强度显著低于腰围<80 cm的患者,超重患者的Ⅱ类肌纤维强度显著低于体质指数<24 kg/m^(2)的患者。结论 高年龄、高体质指数及低受教育程度均与南京地区女性发生PFD相关,PFD对中老年女性生活质量造成了一定影响。

Objective To explore the prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD) in middle-aged and old women in Nanjing region, analyze the related factors.Methods From March to November in 2019, 379 middle-aged and old women receiving physical examination in Maternal and Child Health Care Institute of Yuhuatai District in Nanjing City were selected.General data questionnaire, physical examination, pelvic floor function test, and psychological assessment questionnaire were used to survey incidence rate of PFD, quality of life, and psychological status, the influencing factors were analyzed.Results Among 379 cases, 304 cases were diagnosed as PFD, the incidence rate of PFD was 80.21%, including 10 cases(3.29%) with simple urinary incontinence, 1 case(0.33%) with uterine prolapse, 288 cases(94.74%) with coleoptosis, 4 cases(1.32%) with uterine prolapsed combined with coleoptosis, and 1 case(0.33%) with uncertain part of pelvic organ prolapse.A total of 124 cases underwent pelvic floor muscle strength test, type Ⅰ muscle fiber strength and type Ⅱmuscle fiber strength were(11.78±5.22) mm Hg and(17.10±6.80) mm Hg, respectively, which were both lower than the normal values.Type Ⅰ muscle fatigue degree was(-1.96±5.32)%, which was higher than normal value, type Ⅱmuscle recruitment time was(1.08±0.94) seconds, which was higher than normal reference value.Type Ⅰ muscle fiber strength of patients with abdominal obesity was significantly lower than that of patients with waist circumference less than 80 cm, type Ⅱmuscle fiber strength of overweight patients was significantly lower than that of patients with body mass index less than 24 kg/m^(2).Conclusion High age, high body mass index, and low educational level are correlated with onset of female PFD in Nanjing, PFD has a certain impact on life quality of middle-aged and old women.