不同生猪养殖技术效率测算方式的比较分析——基于污染物视角

Comparative analysis of different methods for measuring efficiency of pig breeding technology——Based on the perspective of pollutants

技术效率是决定产出增长的关键因素,在加快恢复生猪生产的背景下,提升生猪养殖技术效率意义重大,而生猪养殖技术效率提升的前提是科学准确地测算技术效率。本研究基于2004—2018年我国生猪养殖的省际数据,采用随机前沿分析法分别测算不考虑污染物、将污染物作为产出、将污染物作为投入的生猪养殖技术效率,并对这三种生猪养殖技术效率测算方式进行比较分析。结果表明:2004—2018年,我国不考虑污染物、将污染物作为产出和将污染物作为投入的生猪养殖技术效率分别为0.874,0.850和0.842,即不考虑污染物的生猪养殖技术效率明显高于将污染物作为产出和将污染物作为投入的生猪养殖技术效率,且将污染物作为产出的生猪养殖技术效率高于将污染物作为投入的生猪养殖技术效率;3种测算方式的技术效率均随着时间呈现升高趋势;不考虑污染物、将污染物作为投入的生猪养殖技术效率均呈现出“中规模>小规模>大规模”的趋势,而将污染物作为产出的生猪养殖技术效率呈现出“大规模>小规模>中规模”的趋势。鉴于此,笔者提出将污染物作为产出、准确测算生猪养殖技术效率,出台优惠政策、大力推进生猪规模化养殖,加大研发投入力度、推动生猪养殖技术进步的对策建议。

Technical efficiency is the key factor to determine the increase of output. In the context of accelerating the recovery of pig production, it is of great significance to improve the technical efficiency of pig breeding, and the premise of improving the technical efficiency of pig breeding is to measure the technical efficiency scientifically and accurately. Based on the inter-provincial data of pig breeding in China from 2004 to 2018, this study used stochastic frontier analysis method to calculate the technical efficiency of pig breeding without considering pollutants, with pollutants as output and pollutants as input, and compared and analyzed among the three measurement methods of technical efficiency of pig breeding. The results showed that from 2004 to 2018, the technical efficiency of pig breeding without considering pollutants, using pollutants as output and using pollutants as input in China were 0.874, 0.850 and 0.842, respectively. That is, the technical efficiency of pig breeding without considering pollutants was significantly higher than that of pig breeding with pollutants as output and pollutants as input. The technical efficiency of pig breeding with pollutants as output was higher than that of pig breeding with pollutants as input. The technical efficiency of the three measurement methods showed an increasing trend over time. The technical efficiency of pig breeding without considering pollutants and with pollutants as input showed a trend of “medium scale>small scale>large scale”, while the technical efficiency of pig breeding with pollutants as output showed a trend of “large scale>small scale>medium scale”. In view of this, the author put forward some countermeasures and suggestions, such as taking pollutants as output, accurately measuring the technical efficiency of pig breeding, issuing preferential policies, vigorously promoting large-scale pig breeding, increasing investment in research and development, and promoting the progress of pig breeding technology.