北京鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质分析及遗传参数估计

Egg laying performance, egg quality analysis and genetic parameter estimation of Peking duck

为了研究北京鸭蛋品质的遗传规律,试验选取600只健康的北京鸭母鸭鸭苗,从1日龄饲养至70周龄,记录23~70周龄试验鸭每天的产蛋数,统计每只鸭每周产蛋数(记为周总产蛋量),计算周产蛋率;30周龄开始连续收集鸭蛋5 d,测定和计算试验鸭群鸭蛋的蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄颜色、蛋黄重、蛋黄比、蛋壳重、蛋壳比;采用ASReml-R软件中的多性状动物模型计算蛋品质表型相关、遗传相关和遗传力。结果表明:北京鸭周产蛋率在30周龄达到最高峰,30~40周龄周产蛋率维持在90%以上,30~70周龄周产蛋率保持在80%以上。北京鸭30周龄蛋重为81.47 g,变异性较大;蛋形指数为1.38,蛋壳强度达到46.19 N,哈氏单位达到了82.91,蛋黄颜色为2.26。蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋壳重的遗传力分别为0.43,0.42,0.46,属于高遗传力性状;蛋黄重、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、周总产蛋量的遗传力均在0.30以下,属于中低等遗传力性状。蛋重与蛋黄重、蛋白高度、蛋壳重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与蛋黄颜色呈显著正相关(P<0.05);蛋壳重与蛋壳强度、蛋黄重呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),哈氏单位与蛋白高度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),周总产蛋量与蛋品质性状相关性均不显著(P>0.05);蛋重与蛋壳强度呈遗传负相关,与其他性状呈遗传正相关。说明北京鸭30周龄开始进入产蛋高峰期,蛋品质为AA级,蛋重与蛋品质呈正相关。

In order to study the genetic law of egg quality of Peking ducks, six hundred healthy Peking ducks were reared from 1 day to 70 weeks of age, and the daily egg production per duck was recorded from 23 to 70 weeks of age, and weekly egg production per duck was counted(recorded as total weekly egg production) and weekly laying rate were calculated. Eggs were collected continuously for 5 d starting at 30 weeks of age to determine egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, protein height, haugh unit, egg yolk color, egg yolk weight, egg yolk ratio, egg shell weight and eggshell ratio. The ASReml-R software was used to calculate egg quality phenotypic correlation, genetic correlation and heritability using a multi-trait animal model. The results showed that the weekly laying rate of Peking ducks reached the peak of egg production at 30 weeks of age, maintaining above 90% at 30-40 weeks of age, and above 80% at 30-40 weeks of age. At the age of 30 weeks, the egg weight of Beijing ducks was 81.47 g, which showed great variability;egg shape index was 1.38;eggshell strength was 46.19 N;haugh unit was 82.91, and egg yolk color was 2.26. The heritability of egg weight, eggshell strength and eggshell weight were 0.43, 0.42 and 0.46, respectively, which were high heritability traits. The heritability of egg yolk weight, egg shape index, egg yolk color, protein height, haugh unit, and total weekly egg production were all below 0.30, belonging to middle and low heritability traits. Egg weight was significantly positively correlated with egg yolk weight, protein height and eggshell weight(P<0.01), and significantly positively correlated with egg yolk color(P<0.05). Eggshell weight was significantly positively correlated with eggshell strength and egg yolk weight(P<0.01);haugh unit was significantly positively correlated with protein height(P<0.01), and total weekly egg production had no significant correlation with egg quality traits(P>0.05). Egg weight was negatively correlated with eggshell strength and positively correlated with other traits. The results indicated that Peking ducks began to enter the peak of egg production at 30 weeks of age, and the egg quality was AA grade. Egg weight was positively correlated with egg quality.