巫溪县地源性7种粗饲料的品质评定

Quality evaluation of seven kinds of local roughages in Wuxi County

为了评价巫溪县地源性粗饲料的品质,为其合理利用提供理论依据,试验分别采集来自巫溪县12个乡镇的7种反刍动物常用粗饲料样本,其中藤蔓类2种(马铃薯秧17份、甘薯秧8份),秸秆类5种(稻草11份、玉米秸16份、全株玉米7份、油菜秸秆11份、大豆秸9份),测定7种粗饲料样本的常规营养成分[干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)]含量、马铃薯秧和油菜秸秆中的抗营养因子(龙葵素或硫苷)含量,计算各粗饲料样本的奶牛、山羊和绵羊分级指数(GI),并对其进行排序。结果表明:7种粗饲料同种营养成分含量差异较大;17个马铃薯秧样本龙葵素的含量为(171.3±23.5)mg/kg,11个油菜秸秆样本的硫苷含量为(66.79±6.82)μmol/g;巫溪县主要地源性粗饲料在奶牛、山羊和绵羊中的优劣排序基本一致,各粗饲料样本的奶牛GI排序依次为马铃薯秧(105.11 MJ/d)>全株玉米(16.27 MJ/d)>甘薯秧(11.16 MJ/d)>玉米秸(5.76 MJ/d)>稻草(4.27 MJ/d)>大豆秸(3.07 MJ/d)>油菜秸秆(2.88 MJ/d);山羊GI排序依次为马铃薯秧(4.46 MJ/d)>甘薯秧(0.66 MJ/d)>全株玉米(0.54 MJ/d)>玉米秸(0.28 MJ/d)>稻草(0.21 MJ/d)>油菜秸秆、大豆秸(0.19 MJ/d),绵羊GI排序依次为马铃薯秧(7.46 MJ/d)>甘薯秧(1.10 MJ/d)>全株玉米(0.91 MJ/d)>玉米秸(0.47 MJ/d)>稻草(0.36 MJ/d)>油菜秸秆(0.32 MJ/d)>大豆秸(0.31 MJ/d)。说明马铃薯秧是奶牛、山羊和绵羊最优质的粗饲料,其次为全株玉米(奶牛)/甘薯秧(山羊和绵羊),再次为甘薯秧(奶牛)/全株玉米(山羊和绵羊)。

In order to evaluate the quality of ground roughage in Wuxi County and provide theoretical basis for its rational utilization, seven roughage samples were collected from 12 towns in Wuxi County, including 2 vines(17 potato seedlings, 8 sweet potato seedlings) and 5 straws(11 straw, 16 corn stalks, 7 whole corn plants, 11 rape straws and 9 soybean straws).Routine nutrient content of seven kinds of roughage samples[dry matter(DM), crude protein(CP) and crude fat(EE), nitrogen free extract(NFE) and crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and crude Ash(Ash), calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P)] and content of anti-nutritional factors(solanine or glucosinolate) in potato plants and rape straw were determined.The grading index(GI) of dairy cows, goats and sheep to each roughage sample was calculated and ranked.The results showed that the content of the same nutrients in seven roughages was significantly different.The content of solanine in 17 potato seedling samples was(171.3±23.5) mg/kg, and the content of glucosinolate in 11 rape straw samples was(66.79±6.82) μmol/g. The quality ranking of the main geogenic roughage samples in Wuxi County was basically the same among cows, goats and sheep.The GI values of roughage for dairy cows were potato vine(105.11 MJ/d)> whole corn(16.27 MJ/d)> sweet potato vine(11.16 MJ/d)> corn stover(5.76 MJ/d)> straw(4.27 MJ/d)> soybean stover(3.07 MJ/d)> rape stover(2.88)MJ/d).The GI values of roughage of goats were potato vine(4.46 MJ/d)> sweet potato vine(0.66 MJ/d)> whole corn(0.54 MJ/d)> corn stover(0.28 MJ/d)> rice straw(0.21 MJ/d)> rape stover and soybean stover(0.19 MJ/d).The GI values of sheep roughage were potato vine(7.46 MJ/d)> sweet potato vine(1.10 MJ/d)> whole corn(0.91 MJ/d)> corn stover(0.47 MJ/d)> rice straw(0.36 MJ/d)> rape stover(0.32 MJ/d)> soybean stover(0.31 MJ/d).The results indicated that potato seedlings were the best roughage for cows, goats and sheep, followed by whole corn seedlings(cows)/sweet potato seedlings(goats and sheep), and sweet potato seedlings(cows)/whole corn seedlings(goats and sheep).