不同日龄樱桃谷鸭屠宰性能和肌肉品质的比较研究

Comparative study on slaughter performance and muscle quality of Cherry Valley ducks at different days of age

为了解不同日龄樱桃谷鸭的屠宰性能、肉质性状及肌肉组织学特性,试验选择体重相近的18日龄和45日龄健康樱桃谷鸭各40只(公母各半)作为研究对象,测定屠宰性状相关指标(活重、屠宰重、胸肌重、腿肌重、腹脂重、屠宰率、胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率);并随机挑选18日龄和45日龄屠宰鸭(公母各半)各12只,测定肉质性状相关指标(pH_(45 min)值、pH_(24 h)值、剪切力、滴水损失率_(24 h)、滴水损失率_(48 h)、蒸煮损失率)和肌肉组织学特性(肌纤维密度、肌纤维直径、肌纤维间距、肌束间距)。结果表明:18日龄樱桃谷鸭公鸭的活重极显著高于母鸭(P<0.01),屠体重显著高于母鸭(P<0.05);45日龄樱桃谷鸭公鸭的活重、腿肌重极显著高于母鸭(P<0.01),45日龄樱桃谷鸭母鸭屠宰率、胸肌率、腹脂率极显著高于公鸭(P<0.01);18日龄樱桃谷鸭屠宰率显著高于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率均极显著低于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.01)。18日龄樱桃谷鸭各项肉质性状指标不同性别之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),45日龄樱桃谷鸭公鸭腿肌和胸肌的剪切力均显著高于母鸭(P<0.05);18日龄樱桃谷鸭腿肌的pH_(45 min)值、pH_(24 h)值、剪切力均显著低于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),滴水损失率_(48 h)显著高于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),但滴水损失率_(24 h)、蒸煮损失率二者之间均差异不显著(P>0.05);18日龄樱桃谷鸭胸肌的pH_(45 min)值、pH_(24 h)值、剪切力、蒸煮损失率均显著低于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),滴水损失率_(48 h)显著高于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),但滴水损失率_(24 h)二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);相同日龄樱桃谷鸭胸肌剪切力显著低于腿肌(P<0.05),蒸煮损失率、滴水损失率_(48 h)显著高于腿肌(P<0.05)。18日龄樱桃谷鸭公鸭腿肌肌束间距显著高于母鸭(P<0.05),45日龄樱桃谷鸭公鸭腿肌肌纤维间距显著低于母鸭(P<0.05),相同日龄其他指标不同性别之间均差异不显著(P>0.05);18日龄樱桃谷鸭腿肌肌纤维密度显著高于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),腿肌和胸肌肌纤维直径、肌纤维间距、肌束间距均显著低于45日龄樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05),胸肌肌纤维密度二者之间差异不显著(P>0.05);相同日龄樱桃谷鸭胸肌肌纤维密度大于腿肌(P<0.05或P>0.05),肌纤维直径、肌纤维间距、肌束间距均显著小于腿肌(P<0.05)。说明胸肌、腿肌、腹脂是樱桃谷鸭从18日龄到45日龄的主要发育组织;18日龄比45日龄肉质更嫩,母鸭比公鸭肉质更嫩,相同日龄胸肌比腿肌肉质更嫩;肌纤维直径、肌纤维间距、肌束间距均随着日龄的增长而增大。

In order to understand the slaughter performance,muscle quality and muscle histological characteristics of Cherry Valley ducks at different days of age,40 healthy Cherry Valley ducks at 18 and 45 days of age with similar body weight(male and female half)were selected as subjects.Slaughter traits related indexes(live weight,slaughter weight,breast muscle weight,leg muscle weight,abdominal fat weight,slaughter rate,breast muscle percentage,leg muscle percentage,abdominal fat percentage);12 Cherry Valley ducks at 18 days of age and 12 at 45 days of age were chosen at randon to check the muscle quality traits related indexes(pH_(45 min) value,pH_(24 h) value,shear force,drip loss rate_(24 h),drip loss rate_(48 h),cooking loss rate)and muscle histological characteristics(muscle fiber density,muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber spacing,muscle bundle spacing)were determined.The results showed that the live weight of 18-day-old Cherry Valley male ducks were significantly higher than that of female ducks(P<0.01),and the carcass weight of 18-day-old Cherry Valley male ducks was significantly higher than that of female ducks(P<0.05).The live weight and leg muscle weight of Cherry Valley male ducks at 45 days of age were significantly higher than those of female ducks(P<0.01),but chering percentage,breast muscle percentage and abdominal fat percentage of female ducks at 45 days of age were significantly higher than those of male ducks(P<0.01).The butchering percentage of Cherry Valley ducks at 18 days of age was significantly higher than that of Cherry Valley ducks at 45 days of age(P<0.05),and the percentage of breast muscle,leg muscle and abdominal fat were significantly lower than those of Cherry Valley ducks at 45 days of age(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in muscle quality traits between males and females at 18 days of age(P>0.05),and the leg muscle and pectoral muscle shear forces of Cherry Valley ducks at 45 days of age were significantly higher than those of female ducks(P<0.05).The p H_(45 min) value,p H_(24 h) value and shear force of leg muscle of 18-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were significantly lower than those of 45-day-old Cherry Valley ducks(P<0.05),and the drip loss rate at _48 h was significantly higher than that of 45-day-old Cherry Valley ducks(P<0.05).But there was no significant difference between drip loss rate_(24 h) and cooking loss rate(P>0.05).The p H_(45 min) value,p H_(24 h) value,shear force,and cooking loss rate of breast muscle of Cherry Valley ducks at 18 days of age were significantly lower than those of Cherry Valley ducks at 45 days of age(P<0.05),and drip loss rate at _(48 h) was significantly higher than that of cherry valley ducks at 45 days of age,but there was no significant difference in drip loss rate_(24 h) between them(P>0.05).The shear force of breast muscle of Cherry Valley ducks at the same age was significantly lower than that of leg muscle(P<0.05),and the cooking loss rate and drip loss rate at _(48 h) were significantly higher than that of leg muscle(P<0.05).The leg muscle bundle spacing of Cherry Valley ducks at 18 days of age was significantly higher than that of female ducks(P<0.05);the leg muscle fiber spacing of Cherry Valley ducks at 45 days of age was significantly lower than that of female ducks(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in other indexes of the same day of age between different genders(P>0.05).The muscle fiber density of thigh muscle of 18-day-old Cherry Valley ducks was significantly higher than that of 45-day-old Cherry Valley ducks(P<0.05);the thigh muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber spacing and muscle bundle spacing of 18-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were significantly lower than those of 45-day-old Cherry Valley ducks(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in breast muscle fiber density between them(P>0.05).The muscle fiber density of pectoral muscle of Cherry Valley ducks at the same age was higher than that of leg muscle(P<0.05 or P>0.05),and the muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber spacing and muscle bundle spacing were significantly lower than that of leg muscle(P<0.05).The results indicated that breast muscle,leg muscle and abdominal fat were the main developmental tissues of young Cherry Valley ducks aged 18 days to muscle ducks aged 45 days.Muscle quality was more tender at 18 days of age than 45 days of age,female ducks were more tender than male ducks,and breast muscles were more tender than leg muscles at the same age.Muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber spacing and muscle bundle spacing all increased with age.