纳米药物在肿瘤治疗与临床应用的发展与挑战

Development and challenge of nanomedicines in tumor treatment and clinical application

纳米药物是指具有纳米尺度的药物颗粒或载体与药物形成的纳米载药颗粒.与传统药物相比,纳米药物载体尺寸小且比表面积大,药物负载量增加、体内循环时间增长,从而提高疗效,并降低毒副作用.本文总结了脂质体、蛋白质和碳量子点等作为载体的纳米药物的结构、功能、生物学性质,概述了纳米药物在肿瘤治疗领域中的临床应用进展及其作为核酸疫苗在席卷全球的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中的重大贡献,分析了其在临床应用中的问题、挑战与发展前景,旨在为纳米药物在医药领域中的研发提供参考,促进纳米药物的临床应用.

Nanomedicines are nano-scale drug particles or nano-drug delivery particles formed by carriers and drugs.The small size and large specific surface area of nanomedicine carriers increase drug-loading and in vivo circulation time compared with conventional drugs, thus improving efficacy and reducing toxic side effects. This review summarizes the structure, function and biological properties of nanomedicines using liposomes, proteins and carbon quantum-dots etc.as carriers, and their clinical application progress in the field of tumor treatment, as well as the significant contribution to the current global pandemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. Meanwhile, problems, challenges and prospects of nanomedicines in the clinical application are analyzed. The aim of this review is to provide references for the research and development of nanomedicines in the pharmaceutical field, and also to facilitate the clinical application of nanomedicines.